,TEST BANK FORg g g g
McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and
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Children 9th Edition by Julia Rogers
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Chapter 1-49 gg
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
gg gg gg gg gg gg
MULTIPLE CHOICE gg
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. gg gg gg
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
gg gg gg gg
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Cells can synthesize fats. gg gg gg
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggtheir surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggcellular metabolic absorption. gg gg
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering gg gg
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones,
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggwhich regulate its activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular
gg gg g g g g gg gg gg g g gg
ggrespiration and energy production. g g gg gg
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
function as the intracellular digestive system.
gg gg gg gg gg gg
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering gg gg
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggreaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B
, Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggoxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off
gg gg gg gg gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg
from the cellular membrane.
gg gg gg gg
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering gg gg
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
during cell injury?
gg gg gg
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex gg
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum gg gg
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
specific substrates, causing cellular self- digestion. The chief function of a ribosome
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The Golgi complex is a network of
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the cell nucleus. The
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
removing toxic substances from the cell.
gg gg gg gg gg gg
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering gg gg
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Secretion of cortisol gg gg
c. Increased retention of water gg gg gg
d. Breakdown of fat gg gg
ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
causes increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
due to ACTH. Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering gg gg
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: B
, The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis;
gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
(2) the S phase (S
gg gg gg gg gg
= synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase,
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
gg gg gg gg
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering gg gg
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
active pumps?
gg gg
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C
Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the ―glue‖
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
holding cell membranes together. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
Carbohydrates are involved in cellular protection and lubrication and help produce
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
gg gg gg g g
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering gg gg
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
designing drug therapy for which human diseases?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders gg gg gg
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders gg gg gg
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders gg gg gg
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders gg gg gg
ANS: B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases,
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular,
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering gg gg
9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
the plasma membrane?
gg gg gg
a. Carbohydrate chains gg
b. Glycoprotein channels gg
c. Membrane channel proteins gg gg
d. Lipid bilayer gg
ANS: D
McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
Children 9th Edition by Julia Rogers
gg gg gg gg gg gg
Chapter 1-49 gg
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
gg gg gg
Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
gg gg gg gg gg gg
MULTIPLE CHOICE gg
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Cells can produce proteins. gg gg gg
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
gg gg gg gg
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Cells can synthesize fats. gg gg gg
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggtheir surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggcellular metabolic absorption. gg gg
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering gg gg
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones,
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggwhich regulate its activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular
gg gg g g g g gg gg gg g g gg
ggrespiration and energy production. g g gg gg
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
function as the intracellular digestive system.
gg gg gg gg gg gg
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering gg gg
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggreaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B
, Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggoxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off
gg gg gg gg gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg
from the cellular membrane.
gg gg gg gg
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering gg gg
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
during cell injury?
gg gg gg
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex gg
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum gg gg
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
specific substrates, causing cellular self- digestion. The chief function of a ribosome
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The Golgi complex is a network of
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the cell nucleus. The
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
removing toxic substances from the cell.
gg gg gg gg gg gg
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering gg gg
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Secretion of cortisol gg gg
c. Increased retention of water gg gg gg
d. Breakdown of fat gg gg
ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
causes increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
due to ACTH. Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering gg gg
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: B
, The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis;
gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
(2) the S phase (S
gg gg gg gg gg
= synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase,
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
gg gg gg gg
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering gg gg
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
active pumps?
gg gg
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C
Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the ―glue‖
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
holding cell membranes together. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
Carbohydrates are involved in cellular protection and lubrication and help produce
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
gg gg gg g g
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering gg gg
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
designing drug therapy for which human diseases?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders gg gg gg
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders gg gg gg
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders gg gg gg
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders gg gg gg
ANS: B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases,
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular,
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering gg gg
9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
the plasma membrane?
gg gg gg
a. Carbohydrate chains gg
b. Glycoprotein channels gg
c. Membrane channel proteins gg gg
d. Lipid bilayer gg
ANS: D
