age 1 of 124
FRESENIUS RN FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS BANK AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <LATEST VERSION>
Nursing intervention for c-reactive protein (CRP) levels?
......ANSWER........Acute-phase protein activates the complement
system as part of the body's immune system. Assess for
infection/inflammation and correlate to WBC and serum ferritin
results.
Renal reference range for hgb A1c levels?
......ANSWER........<7% according to current KDOQI guidelines.
Implications for Hgb A1C levels? ......ANSWER........Used for
diagnosing and managing diabetes. Depending on the type of
diabetes and medications prescribed, Hgb A1C may be checked
,age 2 of 124
annually or quarterly. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes
mellitus or those taking insulin would be expected to have this
test done quarterly.
Nursing interventions for Hgb A1C levels? ......ANSWER........The
A1C test result reflects the average blood sugar level for the
past 2-3 months. Specifically the A1C test measures what
percentage of Hgb is bound to sugar (glycated).
What is an adverse event? ......ANSWER........Any event that
cases serious patient injury or death. It is a patient ONLY
reporting system.
What to do if low blood flow rates are causing inadequate
dialysis for a patient with a CVC? ......ANSWER........Use cath-flo
per policy and physician order
lower the patients head, have pt couch, position changes
,age 3 of 124
Reverse lines
Schedule CVC replacment.
How does cath-flo work? ......ANSWER........Cathflo acts as an
enzyme to bind to a fibrin in a clot. It then converts the
plasminogen to plasmin, thereby initiating clot breakdown.
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system?
......ANSWER........2 Kidneys
2 Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Anatomical structure of kidneys, order of urine flow?
......ANSWER........kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
, age 4 of 124
Kidneys produce urine which is transported by the ureters to the
bladder where it is stored and eventually excreted from the
body via the urethra.
What is a nephron? ......ANSWER........Nephrons are the
functional units of the kidney. They are a tubular structure that
filter blood to form urine.
What are nephrons composed of? ......ANSWER........Glomerulus
and Tubules
What is a glomerulus composed of? ......ANSWER........Tangled
cluster of capillaries surrounded by the Bowman's capsule.
How does blood enter the kidney? ......ANSWER........Through the
renal artery
FRESENIUS RN FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS BANK AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <LATEST VERSION>
Nursing intervention for c-reactive protein (CRP) levels?
......ANSWER........Acute-phase protein activates the complement
system as part of the body's immune system. Assess for
infection/inflammation and correlate to WBC and serum ferritin
results.
Renal reference range for hgb A1c levels?
......ANSWER........<7% according to current KDOQI guidelines.
Implications for Hgb A1C levels? ......ANSWER........Used for
diagnosing and managing diabetes. Depending on the type of
diabetes and medications prescribed, Hgb A1C may be checked
,age 2 of 124
annually or quarterly. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes
mellitus or those taking insulin would be expected to have this
test done quarterly.
Nursing interventions for Hgb A1C levels? ......ANSWER........The
A1C test result reflects the average blood sugar level for the
past 2-3 months. Specifically the A1C test measures what
percentage of Hgb is bound to sugar (glycated).
What is an adverse event? ......ANSWER........Any event that
cases serious patient injury or death. It is a patient ONLY
reporting system.
What to do if low blood flow rates are causing inadequate
dialysis for a patient with a CVC? ......ANSWER........Use cath-flo
per policy and physician order
lower the patients head, have pt couch, position changes
,age 3 of 124
Reverse lines
Schedule CVC replacment.
How does cath-flo work? ......ANSWER........Cathflo acts as an
enzyme to bind to a fibrin in a clot. It then converts the
plasminogen to plasmin, thereby initiating clot breakdown.
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system?
......ANSWER........2 Kidneys
2 Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Anatomical structure of kidneys, order of urine flow?
......ANSWER........kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
, age 4 of 124
Kidneys produce urine which is transported by the ureters to the
bladder where it is stored and eventually excreted from the
body via the urethra.
What is a nephron? ......ANSWER........Nephrons are the
functional units of the kidney. They are a tubular structure that
filter blood to form urine.
What are nephrons composed of? ......ANSWER........Glomerulus
and Tubules
What is a glomerulus composed of? ......ANSWER........Tangled
cluster of capillaries surrounded by the Bowman's capsule.
How does blood enter the kidney? ......ANSWER........Through the
renal artery
