NGN ATI MED SURG RETAKE EXAM: Ultimate
Retake Guide EXAM
QUESTIONS AND WELL ELABORATED
ANSWERS
What is the effect of hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia on the QT interval? - CORRECT
ANSWER hypercalcemia = shortened QT interval hypocalcemia = prolonged QT
interval
What is the effect of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia on an EKG? - CORRECT
ANSWER hyperkalemia = widened QRS and peaked T waves hypokalemia =
flatted T wave and cardiac dysrhythmias
What are some signs of adrenal insufficiency, an adverse effect of long-term use of
inhaled corticosteroids like fluticasone? - CORRECT ANSWER anorexia, weakness,
nausea, hypotension, hypoglycemia
what are expected findings in mild preeclampsia? what would signify a progression to
severe preeclampsia? - CORRECT ANSWER proteinuria +2, elevated BUN (over 20),
platelets <100,000 all expected
more severe - +4 deep tendon reflexes - patient needs to be hospitalized and get
magnesium to prevent seizures
bronchoscopy -sedation?
-NPO?
-consent?
-head position?
-sputum specimen? - CORRECT ANSWER -pt will receive sedation and not
remember procedure
-NPO 4-8 hrs prior
-informed consent required
-neck hyperextended
-provider can obtain sputum specimens during it
meds if choice for chronic gout and gout attack? - CORRECT ANSWER allopurinol
and colchicine
,complete intestinal obstruction -bowel
sounds?
-pass stool/flatus? - CORRECT ANSWER -bowel sounds HYPERACTIVE above the
obstruction and ABSENT below
-no flatus or stool
What condition would cause absent bowel sounds in all 4 quadrants? - CORRECT
ANSWER paralytic ileus
cardiac cath -sedation?
-position/special things after? -fluids?
-feeling when dye is injected - CORRECT ANSWER -mild sedation beforehand
-lie flat or with HOB slightly elevated (no more than 30 degrees) a few hours after. keep
leg straight - may get soft knee brace after -lots of IV and oral fluids after to flush dye
out
-warm feeling like hot flush when dye is injected
tactile fremitus and crackles are signs of what - CORRECT ANSWER pneumonia
subcutaneous emphysema is aka what and is a sign of what - CORRECT ANSWER
crepitus
air leak into subq tissue - sign of pneumothorax
Vanillymandelic acid test is done to detect - CORRECT ANSWER excess
catecholamines = epinephrine and norepinephrine = pheochromocytoma
RIFLE system - CORRECT ANSWER Risk of renal dysfunction
Injury to the kidney
Failure or
Loss of kidney function
End-stage kidney disease
What are the definitions of the IFLE of the RIFLE system? - CORRECT ANSWER
Injury = oliguria for 12 hrs
Failure = anuria for 12 hrs
Loss = no urine output with RRT for 4-12 weeks
ESKD = no urine output with RRT for more than 3 months
variant angina -cause?
-ekg change?
-when does it occur? - CORRECT ANSWER -vasospasms
-yes, coronary artery spasms cause ekg changes from less oxygen to myocardium
(apparently stable angina doesn't cause ekg changes)
-occurs at rest, usually at same time every day
,3 s/sx of hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER muscle cramps, muscle weakness,
cardiac dysrhythmias
which kind of glucocorticoid is more likely to slow linear growth in children? -
CORRECT ANSWER oral
dobutamine -effect
on BP
-effect on HR
-effect on cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER -raises blood pressure -raises
HR
-increases cardiac output
antidysthythmic used during cardioversion to treat a fib - CORRECT ANSWER
diltiazem
antidysrhythmic used to treat ventricular dysrhythmias - CORRECT ANSWER
lidocaine
name two CCBs used to treat hypertension and angina - CORRECT ANSWER
amlodipine and nifedipine
Normal Absolute Neutrophil Count - CORRECT ANSWER 2500-8000
adverse effects of clozapine (think blood work) - CORRECT ANSWER
agranulocytosis, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia
clomiphene is a fertility med that works by promoting what? - CORRECT ANSWER
follicular maturation
smoking is a contraindication to oral contraceptives because both cause what -
CORRECT ANSWER MI and strokes
a patient can begin oral contraceptives how long after childbirth? - CORRECT
ANSWER 4 weeks
meds that interfere with oral contraceptives - CORRECT ANSWER antifungal
anti-TB anti-HIV
anticonvulsants
what to monitor with valproic acid - CORRECT ANSWER platelets/PT/PTT LFTs
bleeding and liver problems
, post-BKA
-mattress type?
-turn how often?
-prone how often?
-rewrap pressure bandage how often? -position
residual limb how?
-wrap bandage how? - CORRECT ANSWER -firm mattress
-turn slowly (to prevent muscle spasms) every 2 hrs
-prone 20-30 min every 3-4 hours
-rewrap pressure bandage on residual limb 3 times a day/every 4-6 hours or more
-push down on limb in bed
-figure 8 pattern distal to proximal
Theophylline toxicity - CORRECT ANSWER tachycardia, tremors, seizures, diarrhea,
restlessness, irritability, CNS stimulation
IV nitroprusside -what
color should it be?
-how to protect it from light?
-how to administer?
-change solution bag how often?
-purpose? - CORRECT ANSWER -light brown
-cover with opaque bag
-administer via continuous IV infusion, set infusion pump based on patient's weight
-change solution q 24 hrs
-potent vasodilator, brings down BP rapidly
NPO patient has NG tube to suction. Reports nausea. First action? - CORRECT
ANSWER irrigate tube with normal saline (to assess patency)
amount of air in lungs after forced expiration - CORRECT ANSWER residual volume
amount of air in lungs after normal expiration - CORRECT ANSWER functional
residual capacity
amount of air lungs hold after max inhale - CORRECT ANSWER total lung capacity
max exhale after max inhale - CORRECT ANSWER vital lung capacity
risk factors for vitamin D deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER obese, older, pregnant,
dark skin
Retake Guide EXAM
QUESTIONS AND WELL ELABORATED
ANSWERS
What is the effect of hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia on the QT interval? - CORRECT
ANSWER hypercalcemia = shortened QT interval hypocalcemia = prolonged QT
interval
What is the effect of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia on an EKG? - CORRECT
ANSWER hyperkalemia = widened QRS and peaked T waves hypokalemia =
flatted T wave and cardiac dysrhythmias
What are some signs of adrenal insufficiency, an adverse effect of long-term use of
inhaled corticosteroids like fluticasone? - CORRECT ANSWER anorexia, weakness,
nausea, hypotension, hypoglycemia
what are expected findings in mild preeclampsia? what would signify a progression to
severe preeclampsia? - CORRECT ANSWER proteinuria +2, elevated BUN (over 20),
platelets <100,000 all expected
more severe - +4 deep tendon reflexes - patient needs to be hospitalized and get
magnesium to prevent seizures
bronchoscopy -sedation?
-NPO?
-consent?
-head position?
-sputum specimen? - CORRECT ANSWER -pt will receive sedation and not
remember procedure
-NPO 4-8 hrs prior
-informed consent required
-neck hyperextended
-provider can obtain sputum specimens during it
meds if choice for chronic gout and gout attack? - CORRECT ANSWER allopurinol
and colchicine
,complete intestinal obstruction -bowel
sounds?
-pass stool/flatus? - CORRECT ANSWER -bowel sounds HYPERACTIVE above the
obstruction and ABSENT below
-no flatus or stool
What condition would cause absent bowel sounds in all 4 quadrants? - CORRECT
ANSWER paralytic ileus
cardiac cath -sedation?
-position/special things after? -fluids?
-feeling when dye is injected - CORRECT ANSWER -mild sedation beforehand
-lie flat or with HOB slightly elevated (no more than 30 degrees) a few hours after. keep
leg straight - may get soft knee brace after -lots of IV and oral fluids after to flush dye
out
-warm feeling like hot flush when dye is injected
tactile fremitus and crackles are signs of what - CORRECT ANSWER pneumonia
subcutaneous emphysema is aka what and is a sign of what - CORRECT ANSWER
crepitus
air leak into subq tissue - sign of pneumothorax
Vanillymandelic acid test is done to detect - CORRECT ANSWER excess
catecholamines = epinephrine and norepinephrine = pheochromocytoma
RIFLE system - CORRECT ANSWER Risk of renal dysfunction
Injury to the kidney
Failure or
Loss of kidney function
End-stage kidney disease
What are the definitions of the IFLE of the RIFLE system? - CORRECT ANSWER
Injury = oliguria for 12 hrs
Failure = anuria for 12 hrs
Loss = no urine output with RRT for 4-12 weeks
ESKD = no urine output with RRT for more than 3 months
variant angina -cause?
-ekg change?
-when does it occur? - CORRECT ANSWER -vasospasms
-yes, coronary artery spasms cause ekg changes from less oxygen to myocardium
(apparently stable angina doesn't cause ekg changes)
-occurs at rest, usually at same time every day
,3 s/sx of hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER muscle cramps, muscle weakness,
cardiac dysrhythmias
which kind of glucocorticoid is more likely to slow linear growth in children? -
CORRECT ANSWER oral
dobutamine -effect
on BP
-effect on HR
-effect on cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER -raises blood pressure -raises
HR
-increases cardiac output
antidysthythmic used during cardioversion to treat a fib - CORRECT ANSWER
diltiazem
antidysrhythmic used to treat ventricular dysrhythmias - CORRECT ANSWER
lidocaine
name two CCBs used to treat hypertension and angina - CORRECT ANSWER
amlodipine and nifedipine
Normal Absolute Neutrophil Count - CORRECT ANSWER 2500-8000
adverse effects of clozapine (think blood work) - CORRECT ANSWER
agranulocytosis, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia
clomiphene is a fertility med that works by promoting what? - CORRECT ANSWER
follicular maturation
smoking is a contraindication to oral contraceptives because both cause what -
CORRECT ANSWER MI and strokes
a patient can begin oral contraceptives how long after childbirth? - CORRECT
ANSWER 4 weeks
meds that interfere with oral contraceptives - CORRECT ANSWER antifungal
anti-TB anti-HIV
anticonvulsants
what to monitor with valproic acid - CORRECT ANSWER platelets/PT/PTT LFTs
bleeding and liver problems
, post-BKA
-mattress type?
-turn how often?
-prone how often?
-rewrap pressure bandage how often? -position
residual limb how?
-wrap bandage how? - CORRECT ANSWER -firm mattress
-turn slowly (to prevent muscle spasms) every 2 hrs
-prone 20-30 min every 3-4 hours
-rewrap pressure bandage on residual limb 3 times a day/every 4-6 hours or more
-push down on limb in bed
-figure 8 pattern distal to proximal
Theophylline toxicity - CORRECT ANSWER tachycardia, tremors, seizures, diarrhea,
restlessness, irritability, CNS stimulation
IV nitroprusside -what
color should it be?
-how to protect it from light?
-how to administer?
-change solution bag how often?
-purpose? - CORRECT ANSWER -light brown
-cover with opaque bag
-administer via continuous IV infusion, set infusion pump based on patient's weight
-change solution q 24 hrs
-potent vasodilator, brings down BP rapidly
NPO patient has NG tube to suction. Reports nausea. First action? - CORRECT
ANSWER irrigate tube with normal saline (to assess patency)
amount of air in lungs after forced expiration - CORRECT ANSWER residual volume
amount of air in lungs after normal expiration - CORRECT ANSWER functional
residual capacity
amount of air lungs hold after max inhale - CORRECT ANSWER total lung capacity
max exhale after max inhale - CORRECT ANSWER vital lung capacity
risk factors for vitamin D deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER obese, older, pregnant,
dark skin
