Page 1 of 37
EXAM 2: NR283 / NR-283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
(LATEST 2025 UPDATE STUDY BUNDLE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS) | 100% CORRECT | GRADE A
- CHAMBERLAIN
Ventilation .....ANSWER.....Inspiration of oxygen
Expiration of carbon dioxide from the blood
Ventilation requires which muscles .....ANSWER.....Intercostal
muscles
diaphragm muscles
Sternocleidomastoid muscles
Factors effecting ventilation .....ANSWER.....*Compliance-muscles
ability for lungs to expand (rib expansion)
*Elasticity-ability for lungs to return to relaxed shape
*Resistance-airway resistance(mucus, aspiration, bronchospasm)
,Page 2 of 37
*Work of breathing-how difficult it is to breath(obesity, prego)
Respiration .....ANSWER.....*to provide efficient gas exchange in
alveoli, also help monitor blood pH
*Occurs because of diffusion
Perfusion .....ANSWER.....blood or other fluid to flow through a
vessel and into the vascular bed of tissue to provide oxygen and
nutrients
Role of alveoli .....ANSWER.....*tiny sacs within our lungs that
allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the lungs
and bloodstream.
*gas exchange
role fo surfactant .....ANSWER.....Dish like soap that lines the
alveoli to prevent the alveoli from collapsing
Flail chest .....ANSWER.....Results from fractures of the thorax(3-6
ribs).
,Page 3 of 37
Risk factors of Flail chest .....ANSWER.....Trauma to ribs
Car accidents
Pathologic of flail chest .....ANSWER.....1. Double fracture of
numerous ribs with rib instability
2. Lung restriction
3. Atelectasis
4. Lung collapse
5. Lung contusion
6. Secondary pneumonia
Signs and symptoms of flail chest .....ANSWER.....Chest pain
Pain and tenderness of the affected area
Inflammation and contusion(bruising), edema
Difficulty breathing
Uneven chest rise
, Page 4 of 37
Pneumothorax definition .....ANSWER.....Air in the pleural cavity
from ruptured pleura or tear, or ruptured tumor
will not hear injured lung with stethoscope
Pathologic for pneumothorax .....ANSWER.....Air separates the
pleural cavity and prevents expansion of lungs, causing the lung
to collapse.
Atelectasis(collapse of lung)
S&S of pneumothorax .....ANSWER.....Increased, labored
respiration
no sound from affected lung
tachycardia
pleural pain
Complications of pneumothorax .....ANSWER.....Hypoxemic
respiratory failure. Respiratory or cardiac arrest.
Hemopneumothorax
EXAM 2: NR283 / NR-283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
(LATEST 2025 UPDATE STUDY BUNDLE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS) | 100% CORRECT | GRADE A
- CHAMBERLAIN
Ventilation .....ANSWER.....Inspiration of oxygen
Expiration of carbon dioxide from the blood
Ventilation requires which muscles .....ANSWER.....Intercostal
muscles
diaphragm muscles
Sternocleidomastoid muscles
Factors effecting ventilation .....ANSWER.....*Compliance-muscles
ability for lungs to expand (rib expansion)
*Elasticity-ability for lungs to return to relaxed shape
*Resistance-airway resistance(mucus, aspiration, bronchospasm)
,Page 2 of 37
*Work of breathing-how difficult it is to breath(obesity, prego)
Respiration .....ANSWER.....*to provide efficient gas exchange in
alveoli, also help monitor blood pH
*Occurs because of diffusion
Perfusion .....ANSWER.....blood or other fluid to flow through a
vessel and into the vascular bed of tissue to provide oxygen and
nutrients
Role of alveoli .....ANSWER.....*tiny sacs within our lungs that
allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the lungs
and bloodstream.
*gas exchange
role fo surfactant .....ANSWER.....Dish like soap that lines the
alveoli to prevent the alveoli from collapsing
Flail chest .....ANSWER.....Results from fractures of the thorax(3-6
ribs).
,Page 3 of 37
Risk factors of Flail chest .....ANSWER.....Trauma to ribs
Car accidents
Pathologic of flail chest .....ANSWER.....1. Double fracture of
numerous ribs with rib instability
2. Lung restriction
3. Atelectasis
4. Lung collapse
5. Lung contusion
6. Secondary pneumonia
Signs and symptoms of flail chest .....ANSWER.....Chest pain
Pain and tenderness of the affected area
Inflammation and contusion(bruising), edema
Difficulty breathing
Uneven chest rise
, Page 4 of 37
Pneumothorax definition .....ANSWER.....Air in the pleural cavity
from ruptured pleura or tear, or ruptured tumor
will not hear injured lung with stethoscope
Pathologic for pneumothorax .....ANSWER.....Air separates the
pleural cavity and prevents expansion of lungs, causing the lung
to collapse.
Atelectasis(collapse of lung)
S&S of pneumothorax .....ANSWER.....Increased, labored
respiration
no sound from affected lung
tachycardia
pleural pain
Complications of pneumothorax .....ANSWER.....Hypoxemic
respiratory failure. Respiratory or cardiac arrest.
Hemopneumothorax
