Table of Content
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 02: Genes and Genetic Diseases .................................................................................................................. 13
Chapter 03: Epigenetics and Disease......................................................................................................................... 23
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
TEST BANK Chapter 04: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology...................................................................................................... 27
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ......................................................................... 39
Chapter 06: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................... 48
Huether and McCance's Understanding Pathophysiology, Canadian Edition
Chapter 07: Adaptive Immunity ................................................................................................................................ 60
2nd Edition by Kelly Power-Kean, Stephanie Zettel, Mohamed T. El-Hussein, Sue E. Huether,
Chapter 08: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense Huether & McCance: Understanding
and Kathryn L. McCance
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................... 66
SINGTB.COM............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chapter 09: Stress and Disease .................................................................................................................................. 76
Kelly Power-Kean Chapter 10: Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer Huether & McCance: Understanding
Stephanie Zettel Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................... 81
Mohamed Toufic El-Hussein Chapter 11: Cancer Epidemiology ............................................................................................................................ 87
Chapter 12: Cancer in Children ................................................................................................................................. 91
Huether and McCance's Chapter 13: Structure and Function of theNeurologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................... 94
Understanding Chapter 14: Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 105
Pathophysiology
Chapter 15: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function ............................. 116
Chapter 16: Disorders of theCentral and Peripheral Nervous Systems and theNeuromuscular Junction ............... 126
Chapter 17: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................... 138
TEST BANK
Chapter 18: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation ................................................................................................. 147
Chapter 19: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation .................................................................................................... 156
Chapter 20: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 169
Chapter 21: Alterations of Hematologic Function................................................................................................... 176
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 192
Chapter 23: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Huether & McCance:
Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .......................................................................................................... 200
SECOND Chapter 24: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function ............................................................................................... 210
CANADIAN EDITION U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
Student Resources on Evolve SINGTB.COM............................................................................................................................................................. 223
Evolve Access Code Inside
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
ELSEVIER
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chapter 25: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 229
S N T O ...................................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chapter 26: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 236
Chapter 27: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ...................................................................................................... 245
, Chapter 28: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................... 257
Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 265
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
Chapter 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 273
Chapter 31: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding MULTIPLE CHOICE
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 280
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding 1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 286 with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
a. A single circular chromosome
Chapter 33: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
b. A nucleus
6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................... 295
c. Free-floating nuclear material
Chapter 34: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ..................................................................................... 300 d. No organelles
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Digestive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................... 305 ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
Chapter 36: Alterations of Digestive Function ........................................................................................................ 312
nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a
Chapter 37: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children ..................................................................................... 325 prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 334 REF: p. 2
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
Chapter 39: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function ............................................................................................. 342 describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
Chapter 40: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding a. Metabolic absorption
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 352 b. Communication
c. Secretion
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
d. Respiration
Chapter 41: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 357 ANS: D
Chapter 42: Alterations of the Integument in Children ........................................................................................... 366 The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
REF: p. 2
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of
the genetic information be contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic
acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within
the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are
involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the
cell.
REF: p. 2
,4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the 8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring
layer itself? alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?
a. Peripheral membrane proteins a. Paracrine
b. Integral membrane proteins b. Autocrine
c. Glycoproteins c. Neurohormonal
d. Cell adhesion molecules d. Hormonal
ANS: B ANS: A
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of
surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical
marks cells and does not float. mediator like insulin.
REF: p. 7 REF: p. 12
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors? 9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
a. Oxygen a. solute.
b. Ribosomes b. substrate.
c. Amphipathic lipids c. receptor.
d. Ligands d. ribosome.
ANS: D ANS: B
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane. Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product of
the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and
REF: p. 9 any of the remaining options.
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the REF: p. 16
extracellular matrix would suN
ppoRrt thIe dG
a. Decreased fibronectin U S Niagn TBo.
siC
s ofM
Ometastatic cancer? 10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The
b. Increased collagen athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that
c. Decreased elastin the problem is result of a deficiency of:
d. Increased glycoproteins a. GTP
b. AMP
ANS: A
c. ATP
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing
d. GMP
them to travel or metastasize.
ANS: C
REF: p. 10 When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are
involved in muscle contraction.
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
a. Cell junction REF: p. 16
b. Gap junction
c. Desmosome 11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
d. Tight junction a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
ANS: A
c. Oxidation
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell. d. Citric acid cycle
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight
junctions are associated with cellular communication. ANS: D
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is
REF: p. 11 generated during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
, Test Stuvia.com
Bank for Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition
- The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
By: Sue E. Huether; Kathryn L. McCance
www.answerdone.com
REF: p. 16 d. Electrically charged molecules
12. A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism. Which phases should the ANS: D
nurse include? Electrolytes are electrically charged molecules. They are not lipid soluble, they are not made
a. Digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle up of protein, and they do not play a role in ATP production.
b. Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport
c. S phase, G phase, and M phase REF: p. 18
d. Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion
16. A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic
ANS: A pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:
Only digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle are the phases of cellular a. the concentration of sodium.
catabolism. b. plasma proteins.
c. hydrostatic pressure.
REF: p. 16 d. the availability of membrane transporter proteins.
13. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will ANS: B
facilitate his continued muscle performance? Oncotic pressure is determined by the effect of colloids or plasma proteins. The concentration
a. Electron-transport chain of sodium plays a role in tonicity. Hydrostatic pressure is the force within a vessel. Membrane
b. Aerobic glycolysis transporter proteins are involved in active transport within a concentration gradient.
c. Anaerobic glycolysis
REF: p. 20
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
ANS: C 17. A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg. This lab result is measuring:
When no oxygen is available, anaerobic glycolysis occurs. The electron-transport chain is part a. osmolality.
of the citric acid cycle. Aerobic glycolysis involves the presence of oxygen. Oxidative b. osmolarity.
phosphorylation is the mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, fats, c. osmotic pressure.
and proteins is transferred to ATP. It is not part of muscle performance. d. oncotic pressure.
ANS: A
REF: p. 16
Osmolality measures the number of milliosmoles per kilogram of water, or the concentration
14. A faculty member asks a student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of a solute of molecules per weight of water, while osmolarity measures the number of milliosmoles per
from an area of greater to lesser concentration. Which answer indicates the nursing student liter of solution, or the concentration of molecules per volume of solution. Osmotic pressure is
understood the teaching? the amount of hydrostatic pressure required to oppose the osmotic movement of water.
a. Osmosis Oncotic pressure is from plasma proteins, not body fluids.
b. Diffusion
REF: p. 19
c. Hydrostatic pressure
d. Active transport
18. A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes
ANS: B into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary. Which process of fluid movement is the
Diffusion is the movement of a solute molecule from an area of greater solute concentration to nurse describing?
an area of lesser solute concentration through a permeable membrane. Osmosis is the a. Hydrostatic pressure
movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water b. Osmosis
concentration to one of lower concentration. Hydrostatic pressure is the force of fluid against c. Diffusion
a cell membrane. In active transport, molecules move up a concentration gradient. d. Active transport
ANS: A
REF: p. 19
Blood reaching the capillary bed has a hydrostatic pressure of 25–30 mm Hg, which is
15. Which description accurately describes electrolytes? sufficient force to push water across the thin capillary membranes into the interstitial space.
a. Small lipid-soluble molecules Osmosis involves the movement of fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of
b. Large protein molecules lower concentration. It does not involve pressure or force. Diffusion is the passive movement
c. Micronutrients used to produce ATP of a solute from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute
concentration. Active transport involves movement up a concentration gradient.
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 02: Genes and Genetic Diseases .................................................................................................................. 13
Chapter 03: Epigenetics and Disease......................................................................................................................... 23
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
TEST BANK Chapter 04: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology...................................................................................................... 27
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ......................................................................... 39
Chapter 06: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................... 48
Huether and McCance's Understanding Pathophysiology, Canadian Edition
Chapter 07: Adaptive Immunity ................................................................................................................................ 60
2nd Edition by Kelly Power-Kean, Stephanie Zettel, Mohamed T. El-Hussein, Sue E. Huether,
Chapter 08: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense Huether & McCance: Understanding
and Kathryn L. McCance
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................... 66
SINGTB.COM............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chapter 09: Stress and Disease .................................................................................................................................. 76
Kelly Power-Kean Chapter 10: Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer Huether & McCance: Understanding
Stephanie Zettel Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................... 81
Mohamed Toufic El-Hussein Chapter 11: Cancer Epidemiology ............................................................................................................................ 87
Chapter 12: Cancer in Children ................................................................................................................................. 91
Huether and McCance's Chapter 13: Structure and Function of theNeurologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................... 94
Understanding Chapter 14: Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 105
Pathophysiology
Chapter 15: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function ............................. 116
Chapter 16: Disorders of theCentral and Peripheral Nervous Systems and theNeuromuscular Junction ............... 126
Chapter 17: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................... 138
TEST BANK
Chapter 18: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation ................................................................................................. 147
Chapter 19: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation .................................................................................................... 156
Chapter 20: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 169
Chapter 21: Alterations of Hematologic Function................................................................................................... 176
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 192
Chapter 23: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Huether & McCance:
Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .......................................................................................................... 200
SECOND Chapter 24: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function ............................................................................................... 210
CANADIAN EDITION U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
Student Resources on Evolve SINGTB.COM............................................................................................................................................................. 223
Evolve Access Code Inside
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
ELSEVIER
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chapter 25: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 229
S N T O ...................................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chapter 26: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 236
Chapter 27: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ...................................................................................................... 245
, Chapter 28: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................... 257
Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 265
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
Chapter 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 273
Chapter 31: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding MULTIPLE CHOICE
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 280
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding 1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 286 with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
a. A single circular chromosome
Chapter 33: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
b. A nucleus
6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................... 295
c. Free-floating nuclear material
Chapter 34: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ..................................................................................... 300 d. No organelles
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Digestive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................................... 305 ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
Chapter 36: Alterations of Digestive Function ........................................................................................................ 312
nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a
Chapter 37: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children ..................................................................................... 325 prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 334 REF: p. 2
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
Chapter 39: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function ............................................................................................. 342 describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
Chapter 40: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding a. Metabolic absorption
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 352 b. Communication
c. Secretion
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
d. Respiration
Chapter 41: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 357 ANS: D
Chapter 42: Alterations of the Integument in Children ........................................................................................... 366 The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
REF: p. 2
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of
the genetic information be contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic
acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within
the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are
involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the
cell.
REF: p. 2
,4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the 8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring
layer itself? alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?
a. Peripheral membrane proteins a. Paracrine
b. Integral membrane proteins b. Autocrine
c. Glycoproteins c. Neurohormonal
d. Cell adhesion molecules d. Hormonal
ANS: B ANS: A
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of
surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical
marks cells and does not float. mediator like insulin.
REF: p. 7 REF: p. 12
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors? 9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
a. Oxygen a. solute.
b. Ribosomes b. substrate.
c. Amphipathic lipids c. receptor.
d. Ligands d. ribosome.
ANS: D ANS: B
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane. Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product of
the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and
REF: p. 9 any of the remaining options.
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the REF: p. 16
extracellular matrix would suN
ppoRrt thIe dG
a. Decreased fibronectin U S Niagn TBo.
siC
s ofM
Ometastatic cancer? 10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The
b. Increased collagen athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that
c. Decreased elastin the problem is result of a deficiency of:
d. Increased glycoproteins a. GTP
b. AMP
ANS: A
c. ATP
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing
d. GMP
them to travel or metastasize.
ANS: C
REF: p. 10 When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are
involved in muscle contraction.
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
a. Cell junction REF: p. 16
b. Gap junction
c. Desmosome 11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
d. Tight junction a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
ANS: A
c. Oxidation
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell. d. Citric acid cycle
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight
junctions are associated with cellular communication. ANS: D
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is
REF: p. 11 generated during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
, Test Stuvia.com
Bank for Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition
- The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
By: Sue E. Huether; Kathryn L. McCance
www.answerdone.com
REF: p. 16 d. Electrically charged molecules
12. A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism. Which phases should the ANS: D
nurse include? Electrolytes are electrically charged molecules. They are not lipid soluble, they are not made
a. Digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle up of protein, and they do not play a role in ATP production.
b. Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport
c. S phase, G phase, and M phase REF: p. 18
d. Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion
16. A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic
ANS: A pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:
Only digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle are the phases of cellular a. the concentration of sodium.
catabolism. b. plasma proteins.
c. hydrostatic pressure.
REF: p. 16 d. the availability of membrane transporter proteins.
13. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will ANS: B
facilitate his continued muscle performance? Oncotic pressure is determined by the effect of colloids or plasma proteins. The concentration
a. Electron-transport chain of sodium plays a role in tonicity. Hydrostatic pressure is the force within a vessel. Membrane
b. Aerobic glycolysis transporter proteins are involved in active transport within a concentration gradient.
c. Anaerobic glycolysis
REF: p. 20
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
ANS: C 17. A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg. This lab result is measuring:
When no oxygen is available, anaerobic glycolysis occurs. The electron-transport chain is part a. osmolality.
of the citric acid cycle. Aerobic glycolysis involves the presence of oxygen. Oxidative b. osmolarity.
phosphorylation is the mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, fats, c. osmotic pressure.
and proteins is transferred to ATP. It is not part of muscle performance. d. oncotic pressure.
ANS: A
REF: p. 16
Osmolality measures the number of milliosmoles per kilogram of water, or the concentration
14. A faculty member asks a student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of a solute of molecules per weight of water, while osmolarity measures the number of milliosmoles per
from an area of greater to lesser concentration. Which answer indicates the nursing student liter of solution, or the concentration of molecules per volume of solution. Osmotic pressure is
understood the teaching? the amount of hydrostatic pressure required to oppose the osmotic movement of water.
a. Osmosis Oncotic pressure is from plasma proteins, not body fluids.
b. Diffusion
REF: p. 19
c. Hydrostatic pressure
d. Active transport
18. A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes
ANS: B into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary. Which process of fluid movement is the
Diffusion is the movement of a solute molecule from an area of greater solute concentration to nurse describing?
an area of lesser solute concentration through a permeable membrane. Osmosis is the a. Hydrostatic pressure
movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water b. Osmosis
concentration to one of lower concentration. Hydrostatic pressure is the force of fluid against c. Diffusion
a cell membrane. In active transport, molecules move up a concentration gradient. d. Active transport
ANS: A
REF: p. 19
Blood reaching the capillary bed has a hydrostatic pressure of 25–30 mm Hg, which is
15. Which description accurately describes electrolytes? sufficient force to push water across the thin capillary membranes into the interstitial space.
a. Small lipid-soluble molecules Osmosis involves the movement of fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of
b. Large protein molecules lower concentration. It does not involve pressure or force. Diffusion is the passive movement
c. Micronutrients used to produce ATP of a solute from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute
concentration. Active transport involves movement up a concentration gradient.
