NR 302 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

NR 302 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE NR 302 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE Thorax and Lungs -What data can be gathered on a patient in respiratory distress from general survey only? -Do they use accessory muscles when breathing? Position-tripod, Barrel chest, Nasal flaring, color -Structure and Function: The thorax -Thoracic cage -Sternum, 12 pairs of ribs -12 thoracic vertebrae -Muscles and cartilage -Thoracic Cavity -Mediastinium -Pleural cavity -Lung (Apex and base) Structure and Function: Pleural Membranes -Parietal pleura-lines the whole cavity -Visceral pleura-lines the organs -Pleural space/cavity-both above total Structure and Function: The respiratory system -Trachea -Bronchi -Bronchioles -Alveolar Sacs -Alveoli Landmarks-Visualize what you cannot see! -Anterior chest -Suprasternal notch “U shaped” -Sternum -Sternal angle (Angle of Louis) continuous with 2nd rib -Ribs & intercostals -Costal angle (at xiphoid) 90 degrees -Posterior chest -Vertebra prominence C7 -Spinous processes T1 is 1st rib -T3 separates upper and lower lobes -Inferior border of the scapula 8th rib -12th rib Subjective Data -Difficulty breathing, sleeping, chest pain, cough and sputum (Rusty-TB), smoking history, environmental exposure TO calculate smoking pack-years 1. Multiple the number of cigarettes smoked per day by number of years smoked 2. Divide by 20 ……………………….CONTINUED…………………………..