NUR 425 Exam 1 Peds UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
-vulnerable population
safety & children -depend on others for food, water, protection
-cognitively unaware
Suffocation, Asphyxia, Falls, Electrical burns,
SAFEPAD
Poisoning, Automobile safety, Drowning
-secured windows+ cords
-use age appropriate cribs, always have a hand on the
child if siderail is down
environmental safety -no pacifiers around the neck, don't leave small
objects in bed, someone should be present for
eating, no glove balloons
-paper towel test for choking
-age, gender, diagnosis, cognitive impairments,
environmental factors, response to surgery,
Humpty Dumpty fall scale
medication usage
-score 12+ = at risk, 7-23
, absorption: decreased gastric acid, irregular
emptying, increased motility, frequent feeds
Distribution: low albumin, blood/brain barrier not
infant medication developed until 1 year, total body water 80% vs 50%
considerations adult
metabolism: liver enzymes immature
excretion: immature renal function= need smaller
doses
absorption: gastric pH equal to adults by age 2-3
distribution: plasma protein= adult by 1 year, skin and
pediatric medication BB more effective
considerations metabolism: decreased BMR by age 2= lower drug
effect
excretion: adult renal function by age 2
vastus lateralis, child in supine, side-lying, or sitting
IM meds
max 2mL; need to divide otherwise
-if using a half-dose, cut it lengthwise to preserve
shape
rectal meds - 0.5 to 1 inch (fingernail to first kuckle), hold buttocks
together for 5-10 min
-use index finger and lubrication
infant: if eyes closed, let it pool in inner canthus and it
optic meds will go in when eyes open
-massage inner canthus to avoid lacrimal ducts
under 3: pinna down and back
over 3: pinna up + back
otic meds
-massage after for comfort and to help the med
penetrate the ear canal
-put on the side of the mouth in small amounts they
can swallow
PO meds
-hold chin to promote swallowing, hold cheeks so it
cant be spit out
, differentiated: simple to complex
orderly/sequential: roll->crawl->run->walk
unique
patterns of development
directional: cephalocaduaul (head-> tail),
proximodistal (midline-> periphery)
paced
-developmental milestones are predictable in
sequence, not always in timing
-growth spurt in one area may minimize growth in
unique development
another
-secondary cause of a deficiency will result in a huge
acceleration until back on timeline once resolved
-social smile, turning head toward sounds, coo, lifting
2 months old head when prone, hand->mouth, open hand (grasp
reflex fades)
-enjoys socializing; bored when alone, laughs, lifting
4 months old head+ chest, rolling from back -> side, grasps objects
with both hands, can reach for objects
-can recognize faces including own, stranger danger,
onlooker play, babbling one syllable, peek-a-boo, sits
6 months old
with help, rolling back-> tummy , can hold weight on
hands, holding bottle, playing with feet
-separation anxiety, fear of being alone, responds to
simple commands, understands no, lifting arms to be
9 months
held, object permanence, unsuported sitting,
crawl/creep, crude pincer, dominant hand
-has favorite objects, hugs/kisses, pat-a-cake,
12 months mama/dada, waves bye-bye, sit->stand, cruising, neat
pincer, releases cup -> cube
-copies others, solitary play, 1-2 new words, points to
15 months ask for something, walks solo, finger foods, 2-3 cubes,
drink well, and pull off socks
Questions and CORRECT Answers
-vulnerable population
safety & children -depend on others for food, water, protection
-cognitively unaware
Suffocation, Asphyxia, Falls, Electrical burns,
SAFEPAD
Poisoning, Automobile safety, Drowning
-secured windows+ cords
-use age appropriate cribs, always have a hand on the
child if siderail is down
environmental safety -no pacifiers around the neck, don't leave small
objects in bed, someone should be present for
eating, no glove balloons
-paper towel test for choking
-age, gender, diagnosis, cognitive impairments,
environmental factors, response to surgery,
Humpty Dumpty fall scale
medication usage
-score 12+ = at risk, 7-23
, absorption: decreased gastric acid, irregular
emptying, increased motility, frequent feeds
Distribution: low albumin, blood/brain barrier not
infant medication developed until 1 year, total body water 80% vs 50%
considerations adult
metabolism: liver enzymes immature
excretion: immature renal function= need smaller
doses
absorption: gastric pH equal to adults by age 2-3
distribution: plasma protein= adult by 1 year, skin and
pediatric medication BB more effective
considerations metabolism: decreased BMR by age 2= lower drug
effect
excretion: adult renal function by age 2
vastus lateralis, child in supine, side-lying, or sitting
IM meds
max 2mL; need to divide otherwise
-if using a half-dose, cut it lengthwise to preserve
shape
rectal meds - 0.5 to 1 inch (fingernail to first kuckle), hold buttocks
together for 5-10 min
-use index finger and lubrication
infant: if eyes closed, let it pool in inner canthus and it
optic meds will go in when eyes open
-massage inner canthus to avoid lacrimal ducts
under 3: pinna down and back
over 3: pinna up + back
otic meds
-massage after for comfort and to help the med
penetrate the ear canal
-put on the side of the mouth in small amounts they
can swallow
PO meds
-hold chin to promote swallowing, hold cheeks so it
cant be spit out
, differentiated: simple to complex
orderly/sequential: roll->crawl->run->walk
unique
patterns of development
directional: cephalocaduaul (head-> tail),
proximodistal (midline-> periphery)
paced
-developmental milestones are predictable in
sequence, not always in timing
-growth spurt in one area may minimize growth in
unique development
another
-secondary cause of a deficiency will result in a huge
acceleration until back on timeline once resolved
-social smile, turning head toward sounds, coo, lifting
2 months old head when prone, hand->mouth, open hand (grasp
reflex fades)
-enjoys socializing; bored when alone, laughs, lifting
4 months old head+ chest, rolling from back -> side, grasps objects
with both hands, can reach for objects
-can recognize faces including own, stranger danger,
onlooker play, babbling one syllable, peek-a-boo, sits
6 months old
with help, rolling back-> tummy , can hold weight on
hands, holding bottle, playing with feet
-separation anxiety, fear of being alone, responds to
simple commands, understands no, lifting arms to be
9 months
held, object permanence, unsuported sitting,
crawl/creep, crude pincer, dominant hand
-has favorite objects, hugs/kisses, pat-a-cake,
12 months mama/dada, waves bye-bye, sit->stand, cruising, neat
pincer, releases cup -> cube
-copies others, solitary play, 1-2 new words, points to
15 months ask for something, walks solo, finger foods, 2-3 cubes,
drink well, and pull off socks
