NURS 611 EXAM 3 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM 2023-2024 COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
immunoglobulin associated with asthma - (answer) IgE
causes of pre-renal AKI - (answer) hypo-perfusion
BUN is higher than plasma creatinine since urea is still reabsorbed
no damage to the kidneys, reversible
ex: dehydration, severe blood loss, heart failure, cirrhosis, sepsis
a patient has HTN and CKD, spilling out albumin out but have a normal GFR, what kidney failure stage
are they in? - (answer) CKD stage 1
characteristics of PCOS - (answer) no single factor to cause
most common cause of anovulation, ovulatory dysfunction, and infertility
excess androgens
ovarian follicles do not develop normally
insulin resistance --> glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia result
-aggravate the hyperandrogenic state
endometriosis - (answer) ectopic functional endometrial tissue
-responds to hormonal fluctuations
common sites: pelvic peritoneum, ovaries
symptoms may vary but commonly include pain and infertility
responds to the hormones of the normal menstrual cycle except that the ectopic tissue does not
respond to progesterone --> bleeding occurs ectopically --> inflammatory cascade activation --> can end
up with fibrotic changes and scarring causing adhesions, infertility, and pain
HPV - (answer) known to cause cervical cancer
transmission via contact of surfaces of infected tissues or fluids after epithelial trauma --> basal cells of
the epithelium are infected --> the HPV virus uses the cell's nuclear DNA to either cause increased
growth that is noncancerous (warts) or uncontrolled growth (cancer)
, NURS 611 EXAM 3 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM 2023-2024 COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
some can clear the infection, others cannot
smoking increases risks of persistent infection and later development of cervical cancer
infection with high-risk HPV is a necessary precursor to development of precancerous dysplasia of the
cervix leading to invasive cancer
what is the condition of the urethral meatus when located on the ventral portion of the penis? -
(answer) hypospadias
what type of renal injury can occur in BPH - (answer) post-renal
obstructive uropathy
pulmonary embolism findings - (answer) partial or full obstruction of the pulmonary artery
infarction of pulmonary tissue can occur
vasoconstriction-->decreased blood flow to the tissues --> with an increase in pulmonary artery
pressures --> overload the right ventricle --> RV failure
V/Q mismatch occurs at the affected lung tissue along with a decrease in surfactant production
pulmonary embolism symptoms - (answer) hypoxemia
dysrhythmias
chest pain
dyspnea
tachypnea
tachycardia
panic feeling
coughing up blood
elevated dimer
DETAILED ANSWERS
immunoglobulin associated with asthma - (answer) IgE
causes of pre-renal AKI - (answer) hypo-perfusion
BUN is higher than plasma creatinine since urea is still reabsorbed
no damage to the kidneys, reversible
ex: dehydration, severe blood loss, heart failure, cirrhosis, sepsis
a patient has HTN and CKD, spilling out albumin out but have a normal GFR, what kidney failure stage
are they in? - (answer) CKD stage 1
characteristics of PCOS - (answer) no single factor to cause
most common cause of anovulation, ovulatory dysfunction, and infertility
excess androgens
ovarian follicles do not develop normally
insulin resistance --> glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia result
-aggravate the hyperandrogenic state
endometriosis - (answer) ectopic functional endometrial tissue
-responds to hormonal fluctuations
common sites: pelvic peritoneum, ovaries
symptoms may vary but commonly include pain and infertility
responds to the hormones of the normal menstrual cycle except that the ectopic tissue does not
respond to progesterone --> bleeding occurs ectopically --> inflammatory cascade activation --> can end
up with fibrotic changes and scarring causing adhesions, infertility, and pain
HPV - (answer) known to cause cervical cancer
transmission via contact of surfaces of infected tissues or fluids after epithelial trauma --> basal cells of
the epithelium are infected --> the HPV virus uses the cell's nuclear DNA to either cause increased
growth that is noncancerous (warts) or uncontrolled growth (cancer)
, NURS 611 EXAM 3 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM 2023-2024 COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
some can clear the infection, others cannot
smoking increases risks of persistent infection and later development of cervical cancer
infection with high-risk HPV is a necessary precursor to development of precancerous dysplasia of the
cervix leading to invasive cancer
what is the condition of the urethral meatus when located on the ventral portion of the penis? -
(answer) hypospadias
what type of renal injury can occur in BPH - (answer) post-renal
obstructive uropathy
pulmonary embolism findings - (answer) partial or full obstruction of the pulmonary artery
infarction of pulmonary tissue can occur
vasoconstriction-->decreased blood flow to the tissues --> with an increase in pulmonary artery
pressures --> overload the right ventricle --> RV failure
V/Q mismatch occurs at the affected lung tissue along with a decrease in surfactant production
pulmonary embolism symptoms - (answer) hypoxemia
dysrhythmias
chest pain
dyspnea
tachypnea
tachycardia
panic feeling
coughing up blood
elevated dimer
