Pediatric HESI Practice Questions With
Correct Answers
The |nurse |is |preparing |a |child |with |an |intussusception |for |a |prescribed |barium |enema. |What |is
|the |main |purpose |of |conducting |this |procedure |prior |to |surgical |intervention?
|
A.Evacuate |the |bowel |of |impacted |feces.
|
B.Reduce |the |invaginated |bowel |segment.
|
C.Locate |the |presence |of |diverticula.
|
D.Identify |the |area |of |esophageal |atresia. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ANS: |B
Intussusception, |an |invagination |or |telescoping |of |one |portion |of |the |intestine |into |another, |
causes |intestinal |obstruction |in |children |(usually |occurs |between |3 |months |and |5 |years |of |
age). |Nonsurgical |treatment |is |attempted |with |hydrostatic |pressure |created |by |barium |
instillation, |which |often |reduces |the |area |of |bowel |intussusception |(B), |thereby |negating |the |
need |for |surgical |intervention. |A |barium |enema |is |likely |to |cause |(A). |A |barium |enema |could |
be |used |to |detect |(C), |but |this |is |not |the |reason |for |its |use |with |intussusception. |(D) |is |not |a |
use |for |a |barium |enema.
The |nurse |is |teaching |an |adolescent |girl |with |scoliosis |about |a |Milwaukee |brace |that |her |
health |care |provider |has |prescribed. |Which |instruction |should |the |nurse |provide |to |this |client?
A.Remove |the |brace |1 |hour |each |day |for |bathing |only.
B.Remove |the |brace |only |for |back |range-of-motion |exercises.
,|
C.Wear |the |brace |against |the |bare |skin |to |ensure |a |good |fit.
|
D.Wearing |the |brace |will |cure |the |spinal |curvature. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ANS: |A
The |Milwaukee |brace |is |designed |to |slow |the |progression |in |spinal |curvature |while |the |
adolescent |is |growing. |The |brace |should |be |worn |23 |hours |a |day |and |removed |a |total |of |1 |
hour |a |day |for |hygiene |(A). |There |are |no |specific |exercises |for |increasing |the |range |of |motion |
in |the |back |that |should |be |performed |(B). |A |T |shirt |should |be |worn |next |to |the |body |and |the |
brace |put |on |over |the |T |shirt |to |protect |the |skin |(C). |The |brace |will |not |cure |the |spinal |
curvature |(D) |but |should |slow |the |progression |of |the |scoliosis.
The |nurse |should |teach |the |parents |of |a |child |with |a |cyanotic |heart |defect |to |perform |which |
action |when |a |hypercyanotic |spell |occurs?
A.Place |the |child's |head |flat, |with |the |knees |on |pillows |above |the |level |of |the |heart.
|
B.Have |the |child |lie |on |the |right |side, |with |the |head |elevated |on |one |pillow.
|
C.Allow |the |child |to |assume |a |knee-chest |position, |with |the |head |and |chest |slightly |elevated.
|
D.Encourage |the |child |to |sit |up |at |a |45-degree |angle, |drink |cold |water, |and |take |deep |breaths.
|- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ANS: |C
Assuming |a |knee-chest |position |with |the |head |and |chest |slightly |elevated |(C) |will |help |restore |
hemodynamic |equilibrium. |(A |and |B) |are |incorrect |positions |and |may |hinder |the |child's |
condition. |(D) |may |cause |chest |pain |or |a |vasovagal |response, |with |resulting |hypotension.
During |routine |screening |at |a |school |clinic, |an |otoscope |examination |of |a |child's |ear |reveals |a |
tympanic |membrane |that |is |pearly |gray, |slightly |bulging, |and |not |movable. |Based |on |these |
findings, |what |action |should |the |nurse |take?
, A.No |action |is |required, |because |this |is |an |expected |finding |for |a |school-aged |child.
|
B.Ask |if |the |child |has |had |a |cold, |runny |nose, |or |any |ear |pain |lately.
|
C.Send |a |note |home |advising |parents |to |have |the |child |evaluated |by |a |health |care |provider.
|
D.Call |the |parents |and |have |them |take |the |child |home |from |school |for |the |rest |of |the |day. |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ANS: |B
More |information |is |needed |to |interpret |these |findings |(B). |The |tympanic |membrane |is |
normally |pearly |gray, |not |bulging, |and |moves |when |a |client |blows |against |resistance |or |when |
a |small |puff |of |air |is |blown |into |the |ear |canal. |Because |these |findings |are |not |completely |
normal, |further |assessment |of |history |and |related |signs |and |symptoms |are |needed |to |
interpret |the |findings |accurately. |Based |on |the |data |obtained |from |the |otoscope |examination, |
(A, |C, |and |D) |are |not |indicated.
A |newborn |female |whose |mother |is |HIV-positive |is |scheduled |for |the |first |follow-up |
assessment |with |the |nurse. |If |the |child |is |HIV-positive, |which |initial |symptom |is |she |most |likely
|to |exhibit?
A.Shortness |of |breath
|
B.Joint |pain
|
C.Persistent |cold
|
D.Organomegaly |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ANS: |C
Respiratory |tract |infections |commonly |occur |in |the |pediatric |population, |but |the |child |with |
AIDS |has |a |decreased |ability |to |defend |the |body |against |these |common |infections. |Thus, |the |
most |typical |presenting |symptom |of |a |child |who |contracted |AIDS |through |vertical |transmission
Correct Answers
The |nurse |is |preparing |a |child |with |an |intussusception |for |a |prescribed |barium |enema. |What |is
|the |main |purpose |of |conducting |this |procedure |prior |to |surgical |intervention?
|
A.Evacuate |the |bowel |of |impacted |feces.
|
B.Reduce |the |invaginated |bowel |segment.
|
C.Locate |the |presence |of |diverticula.
|
D.Identify |the |area |of |esophageal |atresia. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ANS: |B
Intussusception, |an |invagination |or |telescoping |of |one |portion |of |the |intestine |into |another, |
causes |intestinal |obstruction |in |children |(usually |occurs |between |3 |months |and |5 |years |of |
age). |Nonsurgical |treatment |is |attempted |with |hydrostatic |pressure |created |by |barium |
instillation, |which |often |reduces |the |area |of |bowel |intussusception |(B), |thereby |negating |the |
need |for |surgical |intervention. |A |barium |enema |is |likely |to |cause |(A). |A |barium |enema |could |
be |used |to |detect |(C), |but |this |is |not |the |reason |for |its |use |with |intussusception. |(D) |is |not |a |
use |for |a |barium |enema.
The |nurse |is |teaching |an |adolescent |girl |with |scoliosis |about |a |Milwaukee |brace |that |her |
health |care |provider |has |prescribed. |Which |instruction |should |the |nurse |provide |to |this |client?
A.Remove |the |brace |1 |hour |each |day |for |bathing |only.
B.Remove |the |brace |only |for |back |range-of-motion |exercises.
,|
C.Wear |the |brace |against |the |bare |skin |to |ensure |a |good |fit.
|
D.Wearing |the |brace |will |cure |the |spinal |curvature. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ANS: |A
The |Milwaukee |brace |is |designed |to |slow |the |progression |in |spinal |curvature |while |the |
adolescent |is |growing. |The |brace |should |be |worn |23 |hours |a |day |and |removed |a |total |of |1 |
hour |a |day |for |hygiene |(A). |There |are |no |specific |exercises |for |increasing |the |range |of |motion |
in |the |back |that |should |be |performed |(B). |A |T |shirt |should |be |worn |next |to |the |body |and |the |
brace |put |on |over |the |T |shirt |to |protect |the |skin |(C). |The |brace |will |not |cure |the |spinal |
curvature |(D) |but |should |slow |the |progression |of |the |scoliosis.
The |nurse |should |teach |the |parents |of |a |child |with |a |cyanotic |heart |defect |to |perform |which |
action |when |a |hypercyanotic |spell |occurs?
A.Place |the |child's |head |flat, |with |the |knees |on |pillows |above |the |level |of |the |heart.
|
B.Have |the |child |lie |on |the |right |side, |with |the |head |elevated |on |one |pillow.
|
C.Allow |the |child |to |assume |a |knee-chest |position, |with |the |head |and |chest |slightly |elevated.
|
D.Encourage |the |child |to |sit |up |at |a |45-degree |angle, |drink |cold |water, |and |take |deep |breaths.
|- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ANS: |C
Assuming |a |knee-chest |position |with |the |head |and |chest |slightly |elevated |(C) |will |help |restore |
hemodynamic |equilibrium. |(A |and |B) |are |incorrect |positions |and |may |hinder |the |child's |
condition. |(D) |may |cause |chest |pain |or |a |vasovagal |response, |with |resulting |hypotension.
During |routine |screening |at |a |school |clinic, |an |otoscope |examination |of |a |child's |ear |reveals |a |
tympanic |membrane |that |is |pearly |gray, |slightly |bulging, |and |not |movable. |Based |on |these |
findings, |what |action |should |the |nurse |take?
, A.No |action |is |required, |because |this |is |an |expected |finding |for |a |school-aged |child.
|
B.Ask |if |the |child |has |had |a |cold, |runny |nose, |or |any |ear |pain |lately.
|
C.Send |a |note |home |advising |parents |to |have |the |child |evaluated |by |a |health |care |provider.
|
D.Call |the |parents |and |have |them |take |the |child |home |from |school |for |the |rest |of |the |day. |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ANS: |B
More |information |is |needed |to |interpret |these |findings |(B). |The |tympanic |membrane |is |
normally |pearly |gray, |not |bulging, |and |moves |when |a |client |blows |against |resistance |or |when |
a |small |puff |of |air |is |blown |into |the |ear |canal. |Because |these |findings |are |not |completely |
normal, |further |assessment |of |history |and |related |signs |and |symptoms |are |needed |to |
interpret |the |findings |accurately. |Based |on |the |data |obtained |from |the |otoscope |examination, |
(A, |C, |and |D) |are |not |indicated.
A |newborn |female |whose |mother |is |HIV-positive |is |scheduled |for |the |first |follow-up |
assessment |with |the |nurse. |If |the |child |is |HIV-positive, |which |initial |symptom |is |she |most |likely
|to |exhibit?
A.Shortness |of |breath
|
B.Joint |pain
|
C.Persistent |cold
|
D.Organomegaly |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ANS: |C
Respiratory |tract |infections |commonly |occur |in |the |pediatric |population, |but |the |child |with |
AIDS |has |a |decreased |ability |to |defend |the |body |against |these |common |infections. |Thus, |the |
most |typical |presenting |symptom |of |a |child |who |contracted |AIDS |through |vertical |transmission
