Exercise Physiology Exam #2 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Explain how a 12-week aerobic training program will affect the following factors — preload,
afterload, heart rate, and anteriovenous oxygen difference. - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅Preload increases, allowing for a well-trained heart for an increased preload
within the left ventricle.
Afterload decreases, allowing less resistance to push out against due to a well-trained heart.
Heart rate decreases due to increased SV, allows for less HR for the same cardiac output.
AvO2 increases — increasing the capillary beds will allow for more efficient extraction of
O2 and the removal of CO2.
What is ketoacidosis and what special population may be affected by it with exercise? -
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Ketoacidosis is a serious complication of DIABETES that
occurs when the body produces high levels of ketones — the use of fat as fuel results in the
ketone byproduct.
What are the 2 primary factors, not including myocardial contractility, that increase stroke
volume? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Preload — increased venous return to the heart
Afterload — the arterial reistance to blood that the heart must pump against to eject blood
The initial decrease (first 12 days) in VO2 max in highly trained individuals who stop
training is due to a decrease in what physiological component and why? - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅Stroke volume would decrease. This is due to the patient having an
increased heart rate and breathing rate with a rapid loss of plasma volume.
Endurance training causes large changes in the biomechanical/structural characteristics of the
working muscles. Name some changes that occur. - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅increase
mitochondrial number; increase capillary density; Type 2x to 2A to 1; More oxidative
capacity; Increased cross sectional area of muscle fibers type 1; Fats are mobilized (spars
glucose in muscle)
, How does HR, SV, and CO respond to increasing rates of work? To endurance training? To
detraining? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅SV increases after training. Resting and
submaximal HR decreases with training. Cardiac output — training creates little to no change
at rest, submaximal exercise. Maximal cardiac output increases considerably due to increase
stroke volume.
What is cardiovascular drift and why might this be a problem with prolonged exercise? -
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Cardiovascular drift is an increase in HR during exercise to
compensate for a decrease in SV — compensation helps maintain a constant cardiac output.
What changes occur in the plasma volume and red blood cells with increasing levels of
exercise and prolonged exercise in the heat? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Plasma levels
increase (temporary, back to normal in 10 days) due to increase in oncotic pressure. Increased
skin blood flow. Decreased heart rate and increased cardiac output. Blood volume decreases
(sweat), SV cant increase (blood pooling), heart rate increases further to compensate
(cardiovascular drift). Skin arterioles VD to increase heat loss, requires increase blood flow
compared to exercise in the cold.
What is VO2max - define it and what determines its limits? - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅Maximal capacity for aerobic re-synthesis of ATP. VO2 max = HR max x
SV max s (a-v)O2max (Fick equation). Cardiovascular system, respiration, metabolism could
determine its limits.
How is VO2max important to endurance performance and why does a person with the highest
VO2max not always win a race? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Increased VO2max =
increased aerobic (endurance) capabilities. VO2 has nothing to do with speed, just distance.
What are some of the most important adaptations that the body makes in response to
endurance training which allows for an increase in both VO2max and performance? -
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Increase capillary density
How does dehydration affect exercise performance, especially on heart rate, blood flow
distribution, and body temperature? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Dehydration increases
heart rate and body temperature and decreases blood flow.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Explain how a 12-week aerobic training program will affect the following factors — preload,
afterload, heart rate, and anteriovenous oxygen difference. - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅Preload increases, allowing for a well-trained heart for an increased preload
within the left ventricle.
Afterload decreases, allowing less resistance to push out against due to a well-trained heart.
Heart rate decreases due to increased SV, allows for less HR for the same cardiac output.
AvO2 increases — increasing the capillary beds will allow for more efficient extraction of
O2 and the removal of CO2.
What is ketoacidosis and what special population may be affected by it with exercise? -
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Ketoacidosis is a serious complication of DIABETES that
occurs when the body produces high levels of ketones — the use of fat as fuel results in the
ketone byproduct.
What are the 2 primary factors, not including myocardial contractility, that increase stroke
volume? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Preload — increased venous return to the heart
Afterload — the arterial reistance to blood that the heart must pump against to eject blood
The initial decrease (first 12 days) in VO2 max in highly trained individuals who stop
training is due to a decrease in what physiological component and why? - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅Stroke volume would decrease. This is due to the patient having an
increased heart rate and breathing rate with a rapid loss of plasma volume.
Endurance training causes large changes in the biomechanical/structural characteristics of the
working muscles. Name some changes that occur. - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅increase
mitochondrial number; increase capillary density; Type 2x to 2A to 1; More oxidative
capacity; Increased cross sectional area of muscle fibers type 1; Fats are mobilized (spars
glucose in muscle)
, How does HR, SV, and CO respond to increasing rates of work? To endurance training? To
detraining? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅SV increases after training. Resting and
submaximal HR decreases with training. Cardiac output — training creates little to no change
at rest, submaximal exercise. Maximal cardiac output increases considerably due to increase
stroke volume.
What is cardiovascular drift and why might this be a problem with prolonged exercise? -
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Cardiovascular drift is an increase in HR during exercise to
compensate for a decrease in SV — compensation helps maintain a constant cardiac output.
What changes occur in the plasma volume and red blood cells with increasing levels of
exercise and prolonged exercise in the heat? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Plasma levels
increase (temporary, back to normal in 10 days) due to increase in oncotic pressure. Increased
skin blood flow. Decreased heart rate and increased cardiac output. Blood volume decreases
(sweat), SV cant increase (blood pooling), heart rate increases further to compensate
(cardiovascular drift). Skin arterioles VD to increase heat loss, requires increase blood flow
compared to exercise in the cold.
What is VO2max - define it and what determines its limits? - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅Maximal capacity for aerobic re-synthesis of ATP. VO2 max = HR max x
SV max s (a-v)O2max (Fick equation). Cardiovascular system, respiration, metabolism could
determine its limits.
How is VO2max important to endurance performance and why does a person with the highest
VO2max not always win a race? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Increased VO2max =
increased aerobic (endurance) capabilities. VO2 has nothing to do with speed, just distance.
What are some of the most important adaptations that the body makes in response to
endurance training which allows for an increase in both VO2max and performance? -
CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Increase capillary density
How does dehydration affect exercise performance, especially on heart rate, blood flow
distribution, and body temperature? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Dehydration increases
heart rate and body temperature and decreases blood flow.
