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Maths Class 11 Chapter 3. Trigonometric
Functions
Angle
When a ray OA starting from its initial position OA rotates about its end point 0 and takes the
final position OB, we say that angle
AOB (written as ∠ AOB) has been formed. The amount of rotation from the initial side to the
terminal side is Called the measure of
the angle.
Positive and Negative Angles
An angle formed by a rotating ray is said to be positive or negative depending on whether it
moves in an anti-clockwise or a clockwise direction, respectively.
Measurement of Angles
There are three system for measuring angles,
1. Sexagesimal System/Degree Measure (English System)
In this system, a right angle is divided into 90 equal parts, called degrees. The symbol 1° is
used to denote one degree. Each degree is divided into 60 equal parts, called minutes and one
minute is divided into 60 equal parts, called seconds. Symbols 1′ and 1″ are used to denote one
minute and one second, respectively.
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i.e., 1 right angle = 90°
1° = 60′
1′ = 60″
2. Centesimal System (French System)
In this system, a right angle is divided into 100 equal parts, called ‘grades’. Each grade is
subdivided into 100 min and each minute is divided into 100 s.
i.e., 1 right angle = 100 grades = 100g
1g = 100′
1′ = 100″
3. Circular System (Radian System)
In this system, angle is measured in radian.
A radian is the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc, whose length is equal to the
radius of the circle.
The number of radians in an angle subtended by an arc of circle at the centre is equal to
arc/radius.
Relationships
(i) π radian = 180°
or 1 radian (180°/π)= 57°16’22”
where, π = 22/7 = 3.14159
(ii) 1° = (π/180) rad = 0.01746 rad
(iii) If D is the number of degrees, R is the number of radians and G is the number of grades in
an angle θ, then
(iv) θ = l/r where θ = angle subtended by arc of length / at the centre of the circle, r = radius of
the circle.
Trigonometric Ratios
Relation between different sides and angles of a right angled triangle are called trigonometric
ratios or T-ratios
Maths Class 11 Chapter 3. Trigonometric
Functions
Angle
When a ray OA starting from its initial position OA rotates about its end point 0 and takes the
final position OB, we say that angle
AOB (written as ∠ AOB) has been formed. The amount of rotation from the initial side to the
terminal side is Called the measure of
the angle.
Positive and Negative Angles
An angle formed by a rotating ray is said to be positive or negative depending on whether it
moves in an anti-clockwise or a clockwise direction, respectively.
Measurement of Angles
There are three system for measuring angles,
1. Sexagesimal System/Degree Measure (English System)
In this system, a right angle is divided into 90 equal parts, called degrees. The symbol 1° is
used to denote one degree. Each degree is divided into 60 equal parts, called minutes and one
minute is divided into 60 equal parts, called seconds. Symbols 1′ and 1″ are used to denote one
minute and one second, respectively.
, 2|Page
i.e., 1 right angle = 90°
1° = 60′
1′ = 60″
2. Centesimal System (French System)
In this system, a right angle is divided into 100 equal parts, called ‘grades’. Each grade is
subdivided into 100 min and each minute is divided into 100 s.
i.e., 1 right angle = 100 grades = 100g
1g = 100′
1′ = 100″
3. Circular System (Radian System)
In this system, angle is measured in radian.
A radian is the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc, whose length is equal to the
radius of the circle.
The number of radians in an angle subtended by an arc of circle at the centre is equal to
arc/radius.
Relationships
(i) π radian = 180°
or 1 radian (180°/π)= 57°16’22”
where, π = 22/7 = 3.14159
(ii) 1° = (π/180) rad = 0.01746 rad
(iii) If D is the number of degrees, R is the number of radians and G is the number of grades in
an angle θ, then
(iv) θ = l/r where θ = angle subtended by arc of length / at the centre of the circle, r = radius of
the circle.
Trigonometric Ratios
Relation between different sides and angles of a right angled triangle are called trigonometric
ratios or T-ratios
