NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WALDEN
UNIVERSITY || UPDATED2025/2025MIDTERM EXAM
ACTUAL EXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM |ACCURATE AND
VERIFIED QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED ANSWERS |GUARANTEED PASS |
GRADED A
A runnerhas depletedall theoxygenavailablefor muscleenergy.Which of thefollowingwill facilitatehis
continuedmuscleperformance?- ANSWER- ANSWER: Anaerobicglycolysis
Whatcausestherapidchangein therestingmembranepotentialthatinitiatesan actionpotential?-
ANSWER-ANSWER: Sodiumgatesopen,andsodiumrushesinto thecell,changingthe membrane
potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old maleis diagnosedwith Klinefeltersyndrome.His karyotypewouldrevealwhichof the
following?- ANSWER-ANSWER: XXY
A nurseis reviewingthepedigreechart.Whencheckingfor a proband,whatis thenurselooking for?
- ANSWER-ANSWER: The personwhois first diagnosedwith a geneticdisease
An aide asks the nursewhy peoplewho haveneurofibromatosiswill showvarying degreesof the disease.
Which geneticprincipleshouldthenurseexplainto theaide?- ANSWER- ANSWER: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol?
-
ANSWER-ANSWER: Cholesteroldecreasesthemembranefluidityof the erythrocyte, which reduces its
ability to carry oxygen.
When a patientaskswhatcausescysticfibrosis,howshouldthenurserespond?Cystic fibrosisis caused
by an gene- ANSWER-ANSWER: Autosomal recessive
- ANSWER-inflammation of endothelium that lines heart and cardiac valves. most
infective endocarditis
commonlydamagesmitralvalve,thenaorticand tricuspidvalves.commonlycausedby bacteria that are
normally present in the body. can also occur after an invasive medical or dental procedure.
,symptoms:valvulardysfunction,mayaffectorgansystems,chestpain,CHF, clubbing,meningitis,low back
pain, arthralgia, arthritis
myocarditis- ANSWER-inflammationof themyocardiumwithnecrosisof cardiacmyocytes
biopsyshowsinflammatoryinfiltrateof themyocardiumwithlymphocytes,neutrophils,eosinophils, and
granulomas
directcardiomyocyteinjury casedby an infectiousor othercardiotoxicagentOR myocardialinjury caused by
an autoimmune reaction to an infectious or cardiotoxic agent
aorticregurgitation- ANSWER-(aorticinsufficiency)incompetentaorticvalvethatallowsbackward flow of
blood from the aorta into left ventricle during diastole
aorticstenosis- ANSWER-calcificationof aorticvalvecuspsthatrestrictsforwardflowof blood during
systole
narrowingof theaorticvalve,obstructingbloodflow from theleftventricleto theascendingaorta during
systole
mitralregurgitation- ANSWER-mitralinsufficiency;incompetentmitralvalveallowsregurgitation of
blood from the left ventricle back into left atrium during systole
mitral stenosis- ANSWER-narrowingof themitral valveorificethatimpedesbloodflowfrom the left
atrium to the left vetricle
mitral valveprolapse- ANSWER-Improperclosureof thevalvebetweentheheart'supperand lower left
chambers.
billowingof mitralvalveleafletsinto theleftatriumduring systole
, pulmonicregurgitation- ANSWER-pulmonicinsufficiency;backflowof bloodthroughincompetent
pulmonic valve into the right ventricle
causesbloodfrom from thepulmonaryarteryinto theright ventricleduring diastole
pulmonicstenosis- ANSWER-narrowingof theopeningand valvularareabetweenthepulmonary artery
and right ventricle
narrowingof thepulmonaryoutflowtractcausingobstructionof bloodflowfrom theright ventricle to the
pulmonary artery during systole
deepvein thrombosis- ANSWER-bloodclot formsin a largevein, usuallyin a lowerlimb d/t impaired
venous return, endothelial injury or hypercoagulability
thrombi- ANSWER- consistof thrombin,fibrin, and red bloodcellswith fewplateletsand
without treatment can travel to the lungs causing PE
Hypertension- ANSWER-high bloodpressuresustainedSBP >130 BP=
cardiac output x total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR)
HTN leadsto ↑ CO, ↑ TPR
How arepotassiumand sodiumtransportedacrossplasmamembranes?- ANSWER-ANSWER: By
adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nursewouldbecorrectin identifyingthepredominantextracellularcationas: - ANSWER-
ANSWER: Sodium
The earlydilation(swelling)of thecell'sendoplasmicreticulumresultsin: - ANSWER-ANSWER:
UNIVERSITY || UPDATED2025/2025MIDTERM EXAM
ACTUAL EXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM |ACCURATE AND
VERIFIED QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED ANSWERS |GUARANTEED PASS |
GRADED A
A runnerhas depletedall theoxygenavailablefor muscleenergy.Which of thefollowingwill facilitatehis
continuedmuscleperformance?- ANSWER- ANSWER: Anaerobicglycolysis
Whatcausestherapidchangein therestingmembranepotentialthatinitiatesan actionpotential?-
ANSWER-ANSWER: Sodiumgatesopen,andsodiumrushesinto thecell,changingthe membrane
potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old maleis diagnosedwith Klinefeltersyndrome.His karyotypewouldrevealwhichof the
following?- ANSWER-ANSWER: XXY
A nurseis reviewingthepedigreechart.Whencheckingfor a proband,whatis thenurselooking for?
- ANSWER-ANSWER: The personwhois first diagnosedwith a geneticdisease
An aide asks the nursewhy peoplewho haveneurofibromatosiswill showvarying degreesof the disease.
Which geneticprincipleshouldthenurseexplainto theaide?- ANSWER- ANSWER: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol?
-
ANSWER-ANSWER: Cholesteroldecreasesthemembranefluidityof the erythrocyte, which reduces its
ability to carry oxygen.
When a patientaskswhatcausescysticfibrosis,howshouldthenurserespond?Cystic fibrosisis caused
by an gene- ANSWER-ANSWER: Autosomal recessive
- ANSWER-inflammation of endothelium that lines heart and cardiac valves. most
infective endocarditis
commonlydamagesmitralvalve,thenaorticand tricuspidvalves.commonlycausedby bacteria that are
normally present in the body. can also occur after an invasive medical or dental procedure.
,symptoms:valvulardysfunction,mayaffectorgansystems,chestpain,CHF, clubbing,meningitis,low back
pain, arthralgia, arthritis
myocarditis- ANSWER-inflammationof themyocardiumwithnecrosisof cardiacmyocytes
biopsyshowsinflammatoryinfiltrateof themyocardiumwithlymphocytes,neutrophils,eosinophils, and
granulomas
directcardiomyocyteinjury casedby an infectiousor othercardiotoxicagentOR myocardialinjury caused by
an autoimmune reaction to an infectious or cardiotoxic agent
aorticregurgitation- ANSWER-(aorticinsufficiency)incompetentaorticvalvethatallowsbackward flow of
blood from the aorta into left ventricle during diastole
aorticstenosis- ANSWER-calcificationof aorticvalvecuspsthatrestrictsforwardflowof blood during
systole
narrowingof theaorticvalve,obstructingbloodflow from theleftventricleto theascendingaorta during
systole
mitralregurgitation- ANSWER-mitralinsufficiency;incompetentmitralvalveallowsregurgitation of
blood from the left ventricle back into left atrium during systole
mitral stenosis- ANSWER-narrowingof themitral valveorificethatimpedesbloodflowfrom the left
atrium to the left vetricle
mitral valveprolapse- ANSWER-Improperclosureof thevalvebetweentheheart'supperand lower left
chambers.
billowingof mitralvalveleafletsinto theleftatriumduring systole
, pulmonicregurgitation- ANSWER-pulmonicinsufficiency;backflowof bloodthroughincompetent
pulmonic valve into the right ventricle
causesbloodfrom from thepulmonaryarteryinto theright ventricleduring diastole
pulmonicstenosis- ANSWER-narrowingof theopeningand valvularareabetweenthepulmonary artery
and right ventricle
narrowingof thepulmonaryoutflowtractcausingobstructionof bloodflowfrom theright ventricle to the
pulmonary artery during systole
deepvein thrombosis- ANSWER-bloodclot formsin a largevein, usuallyin a lowerlimb d/t impaired
venous return, endothelial injury or hypercoagulability
thrombi- ANSWER- consistof thrombin,fibrin, and red bloodcellswith fewplateletsand
without treatment can travel to the lungs causing PE
Hypertension- ANSWER-high bloodpressuresustainedSBP >130 BP=
cardiac output x total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR)
HTN leadsto ↑ CO, ↑ TPR
How arepotassiumand sodiumtransportedacrossplasmamembranes?- ANSWER-ANSWER: By
adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nursewouldbecorrectin identifyingthepredominantextracellularcationas: - ANSWER-
ANSWER: Sodium
The earlydilation(swelling)of thecell'sendoplasmicreticulumresultsin: - ANSWER-ANSWER:
