RELIAS - FETAL HEART MONITORING EXAM COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED 2025/2026 A COMPLETE
SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS 100% DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR PASS
uterine blood supply - CORRECT ANSWERS - uterine arteries deliver oxygenated blood
to spiral arteries which bring oxygen rich blood to intervillous space of placenta that has fetal
capillaries
- fetal capillaries carry the O2 rich blood to umbilical VEIN that goes to fetus
-in contrast, the umbilical ARTERIES return waste products to that intervillous space that go into
mother's venous system
Potential issues that negatively affect fetal oxygenation - CORRECT ANSWERS
*Maternal Oxygenation:* asthma, hyper- or hypo- ventilation
*Maternal Circulation:* decreased maternal cardiac output, hypotension, decreased Hgb
*Placental O2 and CO2 Exchange:* postterm, abruption, HTN, hypotension, uterine
tachysystole
*Fetal circulation:* cord compression or occlusion
Fetal hypoxemia - CORRECT ANSWERS - can occur d/t reduced fetal O2 reserves,
excessive uterine activity, or reduced uteroplacental blood flow
- worsening fetal hypoxemia can lead to abnormal FHR patterns, mostly minimal or absent
variability from acidemia
(1) hypoxemia vs. (2) hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWERS 1 - reduce O2 in blood
,RELIAS - FETAL HEART MONITORING EXAM COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED 2025/2026 A COMPLETE
SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS 100% DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR PASS
2 - reduced O2 delivery at tissue level
Fetal anaerobic metabolism - CORRECT ANSWERS - occurs when long term O2 delivery
is insufficient to meet cellular needs of tissues
- results in production of lactic acid and other noncarbonic acids
- ACIDOSIS is the presence of excessive acids in tissues
acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS pH below 7.35
pH is low
(acidosis is the process that leads to low blood pH, or acidemia)
alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWERS pH above 7.45
pH is high
buffers - CORRECT ANSWERS - help maintain acid base homeostasis
- 2 major fetal buffers are plasma bicarbonate and hgb
base excess and base deficit - CORRECT ANSWERS - base deficit is expressed as a
positive number
, RELIAS - FETAL HEART MONITORING EXAM COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED 2025/2026 A COMPLETE
SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS 100% DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR PASS
- base excess is expressed as a negative number
~ they are equivalent and terms are used interchangeably ~
fetal acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS - when O2 is decreased to fetus, tissue hypoxia
results in acidosis, which then shows a drop in pH, a loss of bicarb, and increase in base deficit
acidemia - CORRECT ANSWERS assoc w/ widespread, deleterious effects on vital organ
and body function
fetal hypoxia during birth - CORRECT ANSWERS assoc w/ neonatal depression, low
apgars, neonatal encephalopathy, and cerebral palsy
respiratory acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS *low pH (< 7.10), high pCO2 (> 60), normal
base deficit ( < 12)*
- increase of pCO2 for fetus that lowers pH but doesn't affect base deficit
factors that contribute to resp acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS - sudden decrease in
placental or cord perfusion
- uterine tachysystole
- maternal hypoventilation
metabolic acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS *ph < 7.10 , normal pCO2 (<60), high base
deficit (>12)*
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED 2025/2026 A COMPLETE
SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS 100% DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR PASS
uterine blood supply - CORRECT ANSWERS - uterine arteries deliver oxygenated blood
to spiral arteries which bring oxygen rich blood to intervillous space of placenta that has fetal
capillaries
- fetal capillaries carry the O2 rich blood to umbilical VEIN that goes to fetus
-in contrast, the umbilical ARTERIES return waste products to that intervillous space that go into
mother's venous system
Potential issues that negatively affect fetal oxygenation - CORRECT ANSWERS
*Maternal Oxygenation:* asthma, hyper- or hypo- ventilation
*Maternal Circulation:* decreased maternal cardiac output, hypotension, decreased Hgb
*Placental O2 and CO2 Exchange:* postterm, abruption, HTN, hypotension, uterine
tachysystole
*Fetal circulation:* cord compression or occlusion
Fetal hypoxemia - CORRECT ANSWERS - can occur d/t reduced fetal O2 reserves,
excessive uterine activity, or reduced uteroplacental blood flow
- worsening fetal hypoxemia can lead to abnormal FHR patterns, mostly minimal or absent
variability from acidemia
(1) hypoxemia vs. (2) hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWERS 1 - reduce O2 in blood
,RELIAS - FETAL HEART MONITORING EXAM COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED 2025/2026 A COMPLETE
SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS 100% DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR PASS
2 - reduced O2 delivery at tissue level
Fetal anaerobic metabolism - CORRECT ANSWERS - occurs when long term O2 delivery
is insufficient to meet cellular needs of tissues
- results in production of lactic acid and other noncarbonic acids
- ACIDOSIS is the presence of excessive acids in tissues
acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS pH below 7.35
pH is low
(acidosis is the process that leads to low blood pH, or acidemia)
alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWERS pH above 7.45
pH is high
buffers - CORRECT ANSWERS - help maintain acid base homeostasis
- 2 major fetal buffers are plasma bicarbonate and hgb
base excess and base deficit - CORRECT ANSWERS - base deficit is expressed as a
positive number
, RELIAS - FETAL HEART MONITORING EXAM COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED 2025/2026 A COMPLETE
SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS 100% DETAILED BEST GRADED A+ FOR PASS
- base excess is expressed as a negative number
~ they are equivalent and terms are used interchangeably ~
fetal acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS - when O2 is decreased to fetus, tissue hypoxia
results in acidosis, which then shows a drop in pH, a loss of bicarb, and increase in base deficit
acidemia - CORRECT ANSWERS assoc w/ widespread, deleterious effects on vital organ
and body function
fetal hypoxia during birth - CORRECT ANSWERS assoc w/ neonatal depression, low
apgars, neonatal encephalopathy, and cerebral palsy
respiratory acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS *low pH (< 7.10), high pCO2 (> 60), normal
base deficit ( < 12)*
- increase of pCO2 for fetus that lowers pH but doesn't affect base deficit
factors that contribute to resp acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS - sudden decrease in
placental or cord perfusion
- uterine tachysystole
- maternal hypoventilation
metabolic acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS *ph < 7.10 , normal pCO2 (<60), high base
deficit (>12)*
