Basic Care and Comfort NCLEX EXAM (2025) QUESTIONS AND
(DETAILED ANSWERS) WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Assisting a pt with a weak side - ✔✔move towards stronger side
Active Resistance ROM - ✔✔performed by pt, ROM with resistance. Like exercise bands!
Fowler's Positioning - ✔✔Low: 15-30
Fowlers: 45-60
High: 60-90
Semi: 30-45
Trendleburg's - ✔✔Used in shock pt's, the feet are elevated 20 and the head is flat,
increases venous return and helps the heart pump more easily
Going up stairs with crutches - ✔✔Up with the good leg,
down with the bad leg
Walker use - ✔✔step forward with bad leg, support self with arms followed by good leg
Cane walking - ✔✔hold on strong side, advance cane and weak leg, lean on cane when
moving strong leg
Herniated intervertebral disk care - ✔✔preop: meds (nsaids), traction, TENS (electronic
nerve stimulation)
postop of laminectomy: log roll pt's, assess lower extremity CMS, errect posture, avoid long
periods of errect posture,
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hips - ✔✔T
Asymmetrical gluteal folds
Limp
, Limited abduction of the hip
femur is not attached to acetabulum
tx: pelvic harness from 3-6 mos, must be worn at all times! teach parents how to apply, 6-18
mos use traction, surgery will need to be done, or hip spica cast- cast care (keep dry)
scoliosis - ✔✔abnormal curvature of spinal column
assess: bend at 90, see uneven clothing,
functional: can be corrected
structural: cannot be corrected, often hereditary
Rheumatoid arthritis - ✔✔nodules in joints, systemic can worsen, remissions and
exacerbations
osteoarthritis - ✔✔seen with aging, obesity, use, no family hx, not seasonal
dx: arthroscopy looking into joints
tx: depends on severity, rest and activity, give nsaids, anti inflammatories for RA, weight
control
Gout - ✔✔joint pain and swelling, high amount of uric acid in blood, avoid purine foods
(beer/organ meat), decrease purine build up
osteoporosis - ✔✔post menopausal women, reduction of bone mass, kyphosis, over 60
years old, women who drink/smoke, sedentary life
prevention:
tx: implement diet high in calcium, protein, estrogen therapy, wt bearing excersise, fosimax
(recalcifies bone)
Osteomyletis - ✔✔infxn in bone, pain/swelling at site, caused by staph A, confirmed by x
ray,
tx: antibiotics, analgesic, high protein diet,
(DETAILED ANSWERS) WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Assisting a pt with a weak side - ✔✔move towards stronger side
Active Resistance ROM - ✔✔performed by pt, ROM with resistance. Like exercise bands!
Fowler's Positioning - ✔✔Low: 15-30
Fowlers: 45-60
High: 60-90
Semi: 30-45
Trendleburg's - ✔✔Used in shock pt's, the feet are elevated 20 and the head is flat,
increases venous return and helps the heart pump more easily
Going up stairs with crutches - ✔✔Up with the good leg,
down with the bad leg
Walker use - ✔✔step forward with bad leg, support self with arms followed by good leg
Cane walking - ✔✔hold on strong side, advance cane and weak leg, lean on cane when
moving strong leg
Herniated intervertebral disk care - ✔✔preop: meds (nsaids), traction, TENS (electronic
nerve stimulation)
postop of laminectomy: log roll pt's, assess lower extremity CMS, errect posture, avoid long
periods of errect posture,
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hips - ✔✔T
Asymmetrical gluteal folds
Limp
, Limited abduction of the hip
femur is not attached to acetabulum
tx: pelvic harness from 3-6 mos, must be worn at all times! teach parents how to apply, 6-18
mos use traction, surgery will need to be done, or hip spica cast- cast care (keep dry)
scoliosis - ✔✔abnormal curvature of spinal column
assess: bend at 90, see uneven clothing,
functional: can be corrected
structural: cannot be corrected, often hereditary
Rheumatoid arthritis - ✔✔nodules in joints, systemic can worsen, remissions and
exacerbations
osteoarthritis - ✔✔seen with aging, obesity, use, no family hx, not seasonal
dx: arthroscopy looking into joints
tx: depends on severity, rest and activity, give nsaids, anti inflammatories for RA, weight
control
Gout - ✔✔joint pain and swelling, high amount of uric acid in blood, avoid purine foods
(beer/organ meat), decrease purine build up
osteoporosis - ✔✔post menopausal women, reduction of bone mass, kyphosis, over 60
years old, women who drink/smoke, sedentary life
prevention:
tx: implement diet high in calcium, protein, estrogen therapy, wt bearing excersise, fosimax
(recalcifies bone)
Osteomyletis - ✔✔infxn in bone, pain/swelling at site, caused by staph A, confirmed by x
ray,
tx: antibiotics, analgesic, high protein diet,
