BIOLOGY PAPER 1 ELITE REVIEW STUDY GUIDE
SUMMARY WITH SOLVED QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS FOR 2026
SUCCESS
◉anaerobic respiration . Answer: an exothermic reaction in which
glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen to produce lactic acid
in animals and ethanol and carbon dioxide in plants and yeast. A small
amount of energy is transferred for the cells
◉exothermic reaction . Answer: a reaction that transfers energy to the
environment
◉glycogen . Answer: carbohydrate store in animals
◉lactic acid . Answer: the end product of anaerobic respiration in animal
cells
◉oxygen debt . Answer: the extra oxygen that must be taken into the
body after exercise has stopped to complete the aerobic respiration of
lactic acid
,◉Mitochondria . Answer: Organelle that is the site of respiration
◉Responses to exercise . Answer: Heart rate increases, Breathing rate
increases, glycogen in muscles is converted to glucose
◉endothermic reaction . Answer: a reaction that requires a transfer of
energy from the environment
◉glucose . Answer: a simple sugar
◉limiting factors . Answer: limit the rate of a reaction, for example
photosynthesis
◉photosynthesis . Answer: the process by which plants make food using
carbon dioxide, water, and light
◉Reactants for photosynthesis . Answer: water and carbon dioxide
◉Products of photosynthesis . Answer: glucose and oxygen
◉Chloroplast . Answer: Site of photosynthesis
, ◉white blood cells . Answer: Blood cells that perform the function of
destroying disease-causing microorganisms
◉Sperm cells . Answer: It has a long tail and a streamlined head to help
it swim. There are a lot of mitochondria in the cell to provide the energy
needed. It also carries enzymes in its head to digest through the egg cell
membrane.
◉light . Answer: energy source for photosynthesis
◉aorta . Answer: the artery that leaves the heart from the left ventricle
and carries oxygenated blood to the body
◉arteries . Answer: blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
They usually carry oxygenated blood and have a pulse
◉atria . Answer: the upper chambers of the heart
◉capillaries . Answer: the smallest blood vessels. They run between
individual cells and have a wall that is only one cell thick
◉coronary arteries . Answer: the blood vessels that supply oxygenated
blood to the heart muscle
SUMMARY WITH SOLVED QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS FOR 2026
SUCCESS
◉anaerobic respiration . Answer: an exothermic reaction in which
glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen to produce lactic acid
in animals and ethanol and carbon dioxide in plants and yeast. A small
amount of energy is transferred for the cells
◉exothermic reaction . Answer: a reaction that transfers energy to the
environment
◉glycogen . Answer: carbohydrate store in animals
◉lactic acid . Answer: the end product of anaerobic respiration in animal
cells
◉oxygen debt . Answer: the extra oxygen that must be taken into the
body after exercise has stopped to complete the aerobic respiration of
lactic acid
,◉Mitochondria . Answer: Organelle that is the site of respiration
◉Responses to exercise . Answer: Heart rate increases, Breathing rate
increases, glycogen in muscles is converted to glucose
◉endothermic reaction . Answer: a reaction that requires a transfer of
energy from the environment
◉glucose . Answer: a simple sugar
◉limiting factors . Answer: limit the rate of a reaction, for example
photosynthesis
◉photosynthesis . Answer: the process by which plants make food using
carbon dioxide, water, and light
◉Reactants for photosynthesis . Answer: water and carbon dioxide
◉Products of photosynthesis . Answer: glucose and oxygen
◉Chloroplast . Answer: Site of photosynthesis
, ◉white blood cells . Answer: Blood cells that perform the function of
destroying disease-causing microorganisms
◉Sperm cells . Answer: It has a long tail and a streamlined head to help
it swim. There are a lot of mitochondria in the cell to provide the energy
needed. It also carries enzymes in its head to digest through the egg cell
membrane.
◉light . Answer: energy source for photosynthesis
◉aorta . Answer: the artery that leaves the heart from the left ventricle
and carries oxygenated blood to the body
◉arteries . Answer: blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
They usually carry oxygenated blood and have a pulse
◉atria . Answer: the upper chambers of the heart
◉capillaries . Answer: the smallest blood vessels. They run between
individual cells and have a wall that is only one cell thick
◉coronary arteries . Answer: the blood vessels that supply oxygenated
blood to the heart muscle
