NR 507
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology
Midterm Exam Study Questions with
Verified Answers 2025
Asthma -Correct Answers ✔-Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an
excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma -Correct Answers ✔-coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) -Correct Answers ✔--airway inflammation,
bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles -Correct Answers ✔-smaller passageways that originate from the
bronchi that become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles -Correct Answers ✔-innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria -Correct Answers ✔-the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria -Correct Answers ✔-embedded with connective
tissue cells and immune cells
NR 507
,NR 507
purpose of the lamina propria -Correct Answers ✔-white blood cells are present to
help protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma -Correct
Answers ✔-the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an
inflammatory response that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain -Correct Answers ✔-
columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain -Correct Answers ✔-
smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do -Correct Answers ✔-control
the airways ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation -Correct Answers ✔-When air is unable to move out of the
alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus
plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? -Correct Answers ✔-the ongoing inflammatory
process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse
around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar -Correct Answers ✔--expanded thorax and
hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma -Correct Answers ✔-
tiotropium and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? -Correct Answers ✔-These drugs block
the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
NR 507
, NR 507
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma -Correct Answers ✔-the parasympathetic
system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the
cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction =
decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the
bronchial constriction
bronchitis -Correct Answers ✔-inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis -Correct Answers ✔-bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive
years
Perfusion -Correct Answers ✔-The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes
from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the
capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion -Correct Answers ✔-cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis -Correct Answers ✔-there is
hypoxia due to unfavorable conditions for gas exchange
Right to left shunting -Correct Answers ✔-when blood passes from the right
ventricle through the lungs and to the left ventricle without perfusion
Causes of bronchitis -Correct Answers ✔--long term exposure to environmental
irritants
NR 507
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology
Midterm Exam Study Questions with
Verified Answers 2025
Asthma -Correct Answers ✔-Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an
excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma -Correct Answers ✔-coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) -Correct Answers ✔--airway inflammation,
bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles -Correct Answers ✔-smaller passageways that originate from the
bronchi that become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles -Correct Answers ✔-innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria -Correct Answers ✔-the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria -Correct Answers ✔-embedded with connective
tissue cells and immune cells
NR 507
,NR 507
purpose of the lamina propria -Correct Answers ✔-white blood cells are present to
help protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma -Correct
Answers ✔-the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an
inflammatory response that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain -Correct Answers ✔-
columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain -Correct Answers ✔-
smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do -Correct Answers ✔-control
the airways ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation -Correct Answers ✔-When air is unable to move out of the
alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus
plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? -Correct Answers ✔-the ongoing inflammatory
process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse
around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar -Correct Answers ✔--expanded thorax and
hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma -Correct Answers ✔-
tiotropium and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? -Correct Answers ✔-These drugs block
the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
NR 507
, NR 507
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma -Correct Answers ✔-the parasympathetic
system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the
cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction =
decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the
bronchial constriction
bronchitis -Correct Answers ✔-inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis -Correct Answers ✔-bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive
years
Perfusion -Correct Answers ✔-The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes
from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the
capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion -Correct Answers ✔-cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis -Correct Answers ✔-there is
hypoxia due to unfavorable conditions for gas exchange
Right to left shunting -Correct Answers ✔-when blood passes from the right
ventricle through the lungs and to the left ventricle without perfusion
Causes of bronchitis -Correct Answers ✔--long term exposure to environmental
irritants
NR 507
