Questions and Answers 2025-2026 latest
update.
Population - n
Ans✔
The entire group that is the target of interest, not just people. Eg, "the population of
1 bedroom apartments"
Qs
Sample - n
Ans✔
A subgroup of the population. Eg, "the 1 bedroom apartments with dishwashers."
Qs
Steps in the statistics process - n
Ans✔
1. PRODUCE DATA (by studying a sample of the population)
2. EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS (Summarize data.)
3. PROBABILITY ANALYSIS (Determine how the sample may differ from the
population.)
4. INFERENCE (draw conclusions)
Qs
Data - n
Ans✔
pieces of info about individuals organized into variables
Qs
Individual - n
,Ans✔
a particular person or object
Qs
Variable - n
Ans✔
a particular characteristic of the individual
Qs
Dataset - n
Ans✔
a set of data identified with particular circumstances. Typically displayed in tables
with rows as the individuals and columns as the variables
Qs
Quantitative vs Categorical/Qualitative variables - n
Ans✔
Quantitaive: Numerical values. Represent a measurement.
Categorical: category or label values into which individuals are grouped.
Qs
Three steps in Exploratory Data Analysis - n
Ans✔
1. Organize and SUMMARIZE raw data
2. DISCOVER important features and patterns and striking deviations.
3. INTERPRET findings in the context of the problem
Qs
Examining Distributions - n
Ans✔
, exploring data obtained from one variable at a time
Qs
Examining Relationships - n
Ans✔
exploring data obtained from two variables at a time
Qs
Distribution - n
Ans✔
what values the variable takes, how often
Qs
Three types of graphical displays of categorical distributions - n
Ans✔
1. Pie Charts
2. Bar Charts
3. Pictogram
Qs
Bins - n
Ans✔
ranges of data to make charting easier, like a bar chart where each bar shows a
range like 70-80%
Qs
Numerical Summaries - n
Ans✔
category counts and percentages