AVOP (AVIATION OPERATIONS) TORONTO PEARSON (YYZ) COMPLETE AND
UPDATED COLLECTION OF EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS IN
EXTENDED AND SIMILAR FORMATS
1. Q: What does YYZ stand for? ANSWER YYZ is the ICAO code for
Toronto Pearson International Airport, derived from the station code for
the Malton railway station.
2. Q: What is the elevation of YYZ? ANSWER 569 feet (173 meters)
above sea level.
3. Q: How many runways does YYZ have? ANSWER Five runways
(05/23, 06L/24R, 06R/24L, 15L/33R, 15R/33L).
4. Q: What are the coordinates of YYZ? ANSWER 43°40'38"N
79°37'52"W.
5. Q: Which city is YYZ located in? ANSWER Mississauga, Ontario,
Canada (22 km northwest of downtown Toronto).
6. Q: What is the magnetic variation at YYZ? ANSWER
Approximately 10°W (varies annually).
7. Q: What class of airspace surrounds YYZ? ANSWER Class C
airspace.
8. Q: How many terminals does YYZ have? ANSWER Three terminals
(Terminal 1, Terminal 3, and the Infield Terminal for cargo).
9. Q: What is the longest runway at YYZ? ANSWER Runway 06L/24R
at 11,120 feet (3,389 meters).
10.Q: What is the airport reference point (ARP) for YYZ? ANSWER
The geometric center of the runway complex.
Runways & Operations
11.Q: Which runways are used for arrivals during easterly operations?
ANSWER Primarily 05, 06L, and 06R.
12.Q: What is the standard arrival direction during westerly
operations? ANSWER From the east, landing on runways 23, 24L, or
24R.
13.Q: What is the length of runway 15L/33R? ANSWER 9,000 feet
(2,743 meters).
14.Q: Which runway is typically used for turboprop and regional
aircraft? ANSWER Runway 05/23.
15.Q: What is the displaced threshold on runway 24L? ANSWER 360
feet.
16.Q: Are intersection departures permitted at YYZ? ANSWER Yes,
when authorized by ATC and weather/performance permits.
, 17.Q: What is the minimum visibility for takeoff at YYZ? ANSWER
Depends on aircraft category and RVR equipment, typically 600 feet
RVR for CAT II/III.
18.Q: What does "preferential runway system" mean at YYZ?
ANSWER A noise abatement procedure that designates preferred
runways based on wind and time of day.
19.Q: Which runway configuration is used most frequently? ANSWER
Westerly operations (24L/24R/23) due to prevailing winds.
20.Q: What is the taxiway naming convention at YYZ? ANSWER
Alpha-numeric system (A, B, C, etc., and A1, B2, etc.).
Weather & Meteorology
21.Q: What is the AWOS frequency for YYZ? ANSWER Weather
information is available through ATIS and tower frequencies.
22.Q: What months typically have the most fog at YYZ? ANSWER Fall
and spring (September-November and March-May).
23.Q: What is the prevailing wind direction at YYZ? ANSWER
Southwest to west (240-270°).
24.Q: When does YYZ typically experience winter operations?
ANSWER November through March.
25.Q: What is considered a crosswind limit for most aircraft at YYZ?
ANSWER Varies by aircraft type, typically 20-35 knots.
26.Q: What is the freezing level during typical winter operations?
ANSWER Surface to 5,000 feet MSL.
27.Q: What weather phenomenon causes the most delays at YYZ?
ANSWER Snow and freezing precipitation in winter; thunderstorms in
summer.
28.Q: What is the definition of Low Visibility Operations (LVO)?
ANSWER Operations when RVR is less than 1,200 feet or ceiling below
200 feet.
29.Q: What wind speed typically triggers wind shear alerts? ANSWER
Sudden changes of 15 knots or more.
30.Q: How often are METAR reports issued at YYZ? ANSWER
Hourly, with special reports (SPECI) as conditions warrant.
Air Traffic Control
31.Q: What is the YYZ ground control frequency? ANSWER Multiple
frequencies including 121.9, 121.7 MHz (varies by location).
32.Q: What is the YYZ tower frequency? ANSWER Multiple
frequencies including 118.65, 133.4 MHz.
33.Q: What is the clearance delivery frequency? ANSWER 132.4 MHz
and others.
34.Q: What is the approach control frequency for YYZ? ANSWER
Toronto Terminal (multiple frequencies based on sector).
, 35.Q: What does "contact ground point 7" mean? ANSWER
Instructions to switch to ground control on a specific frequency after
landing.
36.Q: What is the ATIS frequency? ANSWER Multiple ATIS
frequencies including 128.45 MHz.
37.Q: What does "hold short" mean? ANSWER Stop before a
designated point (runway, taxiway, or line).
38.Q: What is a "progressive taxi"? ANSWER Step-by-step taxi
instructions provided by ground control.
39.Q: What does "line up and wait" mean? ANSWER Position aircraft
on the runway but do not commence takeoff roll.
40.Q: What is the standard departure frequency after takeoff?
ANSWER Toronto Terminal Control on assigned frequency (typically
119.1 or 124.65 MHz).
Navigation & Approach Procedures
41.Q: What types of approach procedures are available at YYZ?
ANSWER ILS, RNAV (GPS), RNP, and visual approaches.
42.Q: What is the ILS frequency for runway 24L? ANSWER 110.3
MHz.
43.Q: What is the localizer course for runway 24L? ANSWER 244°.
44.Q: What is the decision height for CAT I ILS 24L? ANSWER 200
feet above touchdown zone elevation.
45.Q: What is the minimum descent altitude for RNAV approaches?
ANSWER Varies by approach, typically 300-500 feet AGL.
46.Q: What does MALSR stand for? ANSWER Medium Intensity
Approach Lighting System with Runway Alignment Indicator Lights.
47.Q: What is the glideslope angle for standard ILS approaches?
ANSWER 3.0 degrees.
48.Q: What is the difference between CAT I, II, and III ILS? ANSWER
Different minimums based on visibility and decision height requirements.
49.Q: What are the standard arrival routes (STARs) to YYZ?
ANSWER Multiple STARs including BOXUM, DUVOS, IMEBA
arrivals (direction dependent).
50.Q: What is an RNAV approach? ANSWER Area navigation approach
using GPS/GNSS for lateral and vertical guidance.
Taxiway Operations
51.Q: What does a yellow centerline indicate? ANSWER Active taxiway
centerline for aircraft movement.
52.Q: What does a red hold line mean? ANSWER Runway holding
position - do not cross without clearance.
53.Q: What is a hot spot? ANSWER A location with history of runway
incursions or ground incidents.
UPDATED COLLECTION OF EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS IN
EXTENDED AND SIMILAR FORMATS
1. Q: What does YYZ stand for? ANSWER YYZ is the ICAO code for
Toronto Pearson International Airport, derived from the station code for
the Malton railway station.
2. Q: What is the elevation of YYZ? ANSWER 569 feet (173 meters)
above sea level.
3. Q: How many runways does YYZ have? ANSWER Five runways
(05/23, 06L/24R, 06R/24L, 15L/33R, 15R/33L).
4. Q: What are the coordinates of YYZ? ANSWER 43°40'38"N
79°37'52"W.
5. Q: Which city is YYZ located in? ANSWER Mississauga, Ontario,
Canada (22 km northwest of downtown Toronto).
6. Q: What is the magnetic variation at YYZ? ANSWER
Approximately 10°W (varies annually).
7. Q: What class of airspace surrounds YYZ? ANSWER Class C
airspace.
8. Q: How many terminals does YYZ have? ANSWER Three terminals
(Terminal 1, Terminal 3, and the Infield Terminal for cargo).
9. Q: What is the longest runway at YYZ? ANSWER Runway 06L/24R
at 11,120 feet (3,389 meters).
10.Q: What is the airport reference point (ARP) for YYZ? ANSWER
The geometric center of the runway complex.
Runways & Operations
11.Q: Which runways are used for arrivals during easterly operations?
ANSWER Primarily 05, 06L, and 06R.
12.Q: What is the standard arrival direction during westerly
operations? ANSWER From the east, landing on runways 23, 24L, or
24R.
13.Q: What is the length of runway 15L/33R? ANSWER 9,000 feet
(2,743 meters).
14.Q: Which runway is typically used for turboprop and regional
aircraft? ANSWER Runway 05/23.
15.Q: What is the displaced threshold on runway 24L? ANSWER 360
feet.
16.Q: Are intersection departures permitted at YYZ? ANSWER Yes,
when authorized by ATC and weather/performance permits.
, 17.Q: What is the minimum visibility for takeoff at YYZ? ANSWER
Depends on aircraft category and RVR equipment, typically 600 feet
RVR for CAT II/III.
18.Q: What does "preferential runway system" mean at YYZ?
ANSWER A noise abatement procedure that designates preferred
runways based on wind and time of day.
19.Q: Which runway configuration is used most frequently? ANSWER
Westerly operations (24L/24R/23) due to prevailing winds.
20.Q: What is the taxiway naming convention at YYZ? ANSWER
Alpha-numeric system (A, B, C, etc., and A1, B2, etc.).
Weather & Meteorology
21.Q: What is the AWOS frequency for YYZ? ANSWER Weather
information is available through ATIS and tower frequencies.
22.Q: What months typically have the most fog at YYZ? ANSWER Fall
and spring (September-November and March-May).
23.Q: What is the prevailing wind direction at YYZ? ANSWER
Southwest to west (240-270°).
24.Q: When does YYZ typically experience winter operations?
ANSWER November through March.
25.Q: What is considered a crosswind limit for most aircraft at YYZ?
ANSWER Varies by aircraft type, typically 20-35 knots.
26.Q: What is the freezing level during typical winter operations?
ANSWER Surface to 5,000 feet MSL.
27.Q: What weather phenomenon causes the most delays at YYZ?
ANSWER Snow and freezing precipitation in winter; thunderstorms in
summer.
28.Q: What is the definition of Low Visibility Operations (LVO)?
ANSWER Operations when RVR is less than 1,200 feet or ceiling below
200 feet.
29.Q: What wind speed typically triggers wind shear alerts? ANSWER
Sudden changes of 15 knots or more.
30.Q: How often are METAR reports issued at YYZ? ANSWER
Hourly, with special reports (SPECI) as conditions warrant.
Air Traffic Control
31.Q: What is the YYZ ground control frequency? ANSWER Multiple
frequencies including 121.9, 121.7 MHz (varies by location).
32.Q: What is the YYZ tower frequency? ANSWER Multiple
frequencies including 118.65, 133.4 MHz.
33.Q: What is the clearance delivery frequency? ANSWER 132.4 MHz
and others.
34.Q: What is the approach control frequency for YYZ? ANSWER
Toronto Terminal (multiple frequencies based on sector).
, 35.Q: What does "contact ground point 7" mean? ANSWER
Instructions to switch to ground control on a specific frequency after
landing.
36.Q: What is the ATIS frequency? ANSWER Multiple ATIS
frequencies including 128.45 MHz.
37.Q: What does "hold short" mean? ANSWER Stop before a
designated point (runway, taxiway, or line).
38.Q: What is a "progressive taxi"? ANSWER Step-by-step taxi
instructions provided by ground control.
39.Q: What does "line up and wait" mean? ANSWER Position aircraft
on the runway but do not commence takeoff roll.
40.Q: What is the standard departure frequency after takeoff?
ANSWER Toronto Terminal Control on assigned frequency (typically
119.1 or 124.65 MHz).
Navigation & Approach Procedures
41.Q: What types of approach procedures are available at YYZ?
ANSWER ILS, RNAV (GPS), RNP, and visual approaches.
42.Q: What is the ILS frequency for runway 24L? ANSWER 110.3
MHz.
43.Q: What is the localizer course for runway 24L? ANSWER 244°.
44.Q: What is the decision height for CAT I ILS 24L? ANSWER 200
feet above touchdown zone elevation.
45.Q: What is the minimum descent altitude for RNAV approaches?
ANSWER Varies by approach, typically 300-500 feet AGL.
46.Q: What does MALSR stand for? ANSWER Medium Intensity
Approach Lighting System with Runway Alignment Indicator Lights.
47.Q: What is the glideslope angle for standard ILS approaches?
ANSWER 3.0 degrees.
48.Q: What is the difference between CAT I, II, and III ILS? ANSWER
Different minimums based on visibility and decision height requirements.
49.Q: What are the standard arrival routes (STARs) to YYZ?
ANSWER Multiple STARs including BOXUM, DUVOS, IMEBA
arrivals (direction dependent).
50.Q: What is an RNAV approach? ANSWER Area navigation approach
using GPS/GNSS for lateral and vertical guidance.
Taxiway Operations
51.Q: What does a yellow centerline indicate? ANSWER Active taxiway
centerline for aircraft movement.
52.Q: What does a red hold line mean? ANSWER Runway holding
position - do not cross without clearance.
53.Q: What is a hot spot? ANSWER A location with history of runway
incursions or ground incidents.
