Test Bank for McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 9th Edition by Julia Rogers | ISBN 978-0323789875 | Latest 2025/2026 Verified Questions and Answers

Test Bank For Pathophysiology 9th Edition McCance The Biologic
Basis for Disease in Adults and Children By Julia Rogers




TEST BANK

,Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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McCance/Huether: Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis of Disease in Adults and Children, 9th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE I




1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. I I I


b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.I I I I


c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.I I I I I I


d. Cells can synthesize fats. I I I




ANS: C I


In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
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surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
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metabolic absorption.
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PTS: I I 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering I I I




2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C I


The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of
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the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
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activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
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Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes
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function as the intracellular digestive system.
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PTS: I I 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering I I I




3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) byusing oxygen to remove
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hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
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a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B I




Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
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hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a
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powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
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Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
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and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
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complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and
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contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins,
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lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off
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from the cellular membrane.
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PTS: I I 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering I I I




4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
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I injury?

, a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex I


c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum I I


d. Lysosomes
ANS: D I


The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
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within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
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Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
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lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular
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self-digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein I I I I I I I I I I I I I


synthesis. The Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often
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located near the cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid
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hormone production and removing toxic substances from the cell.
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PTS: I I 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering I I I




5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
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a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction I I I I I I


b. Secretion of cortisol I I


c. Increased retention of water I I I


d. Breakdown of fat I I




ANS: C I


Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes
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increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH.
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Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
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PTS: I I 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering I I I




6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
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a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: B I




The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period
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between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S
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= synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during
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which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA
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synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and
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cytoplasmic division.
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PTS: I I 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering I I




7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes byacting as
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receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
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a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C I


Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for
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electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the “glue” holding cell
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membranes together. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are involved in
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cellular protection and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
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, PTS: I I 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering I I




8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades maybe useful in designing drug I I I I I I I I I I I I


therapy for which human diseases?
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a. Cardiac and vascular disorders I I I


b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders I I I


c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders I I I


d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders I I I




ANS: B I


Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug I I I I I I I I I I I I


interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominentlyin manyhuman diseases,
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including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular,
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gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
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PTS: I I 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering I I




9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
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I membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains I


b. Glycoprotein channels I


c. Membrane channel proteins I I


d. Lipid bilayer I




ANS: D I




The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membrane. It is
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impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the
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water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier
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to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules,
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such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily.
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Carbohydrate chains, glycoprotein channels, and membrane channel proteins do not prevent
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water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the cell membrane.
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PTS: I I 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering I I




10. A student asks for an explanation of the absolute refractoryperiod of the action potential.
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I What response by the professor is best?
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a. A stronger than normal impulse will evoke another response.
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b. No stimulus is able to evoke another response at this time.
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c. Multiple stimuli can produce more rapid action potentials. I I I I I I I


d. The hyperpolarized state means a weaker stimulus produces a response.
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ANS: B I


During the absolute refractory state of the action potential, no stimulus is able to evoke
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another response from the cell. A stronger than normal impulse may generate a response in the
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relative refractory period. This period of time is not related to the number of stimuli. A
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hyperpolarized state means a stronger than normal stimulus would be needed to generate a
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response.
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PTS: I I 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering I I




11. Which form of cell communication is used to communicate within the cell itself and with
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other cells in direct physical contact?
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a. Protein channel (gap junction) I I I


b. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules I I I


c. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters I I I I


d. Extracellular chemical messengers such as ligands I I I I I