Page 1 of 436
PC707 FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2025
TEST BANK| PC 707 (ALL MODULES) FINAL EXAM
REVIEW WITH COMPLETE 1700 REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW!!)
What is pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER - -how drugs move in the body
and what the body does with it
How does pharmacokinetics influence prescribing? - ANSWER - -the
route
-the dosage needed
-dosing intervals
What are the 4 aspects of pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER - -absorption
-distribution
-metabolism
-excretion
What affects bioavailability the most? - ANSWER - PO administration
What is a pro-drug? - ANSWER - -a drug that needs to be metabolized
to become "activated"
pg. 1
,Page 2 of 436
What is the major organ of metabolism? - ANSWER - -Liver
-Uses enzymes called "CYPs"
-these enzymes can induce or inhibit metabolism
What is the half-life of a drug? - ANSWER - -how long it takes for a
drug at its original amount to be reduced by 50%
Why is it important to know the half-life of a drug? - ANSWER - -to
help determine dosing intervals to maintain therapeutic levels
What is the first-pass effect? - ANSWER - -alteration of the drug dose
by metabolism before it reaches systemic circulation
-only happens with PO medications
What are the genetic variances of metabolism? - ANSWER - -poor
metabolizers (certain enzymes are little to none)
-intermediate metabolizers
-extensive metabolizers (NORMAL)
-ultra-rapid metabolizers (duplicate genes to make extra enzymes)
What is the primary organ of excretion? - ANSWER - kidneys
What are other methods of excretion? - ANSWER - -saliva
pg. 2
,Page 3 of 436
-sweat
-breastmilk
-skin
-lungs
Why would the elderly have a smaller first-pass effect? Why is this
important to know? - ANSWER - -decreased liver mass
-decreased enzymes
-->this is important because with a smaller first pass effect higher drugs
levels will reach circulation
What does the rate of excretion depend primarily on? - ANSWER - -
renal blood flow
-glomerular filtration rate
What is an adverse effect? - ANSWER - -negative side effect
-undesirable
-unintended
What is an enzyme inhibitor? - ANSWER - -inhibits the enzyme action
causing decreased metabolism
-this can increase the drug levels
-it can affect all drugs that utilize the same metabolic pathway
pg. 3
, Page 4 of 436
What is an enzyme inducer? - ANSWER - -increases the enzymes that
induces metabolism
-this decreases drug levels
-it can affect all drugs that utilize the same metabolic pathway
What is an agonist? - ANSWER - -a drug that binds to AND activates a
receptor
What is a partial agonist? - ANSWER - A drug that binds to and
activates a receptor but produces a smaller effect at full dosage than a
full agonist
What is an antagonist? - ANSWER - -A molecule that binds to a receptor
but does NOT activate it--it blocks the activating drug from binding to
the receptor
When is a drug-drug interaction risk the greatest? - ANSWER - -when a
patient is taking multiple medications (poly-pharmacy)
What is the most common cause of ER visits from an adverse drug
reaction? - ANSWER - -bleeding from anticoagulants
What are contraindications? - ANSWER - -do not give
-the risks outweigh the benefits
pg. 4
PC707 FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2025
TEST BANK| PC 707 (ALL MODULES) FINAL EXAM
REVIEW WITH COMPLETE 1700 REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW!!)
What is pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER - -how drugs move in the body
and what the body does with it
How does pharmacokinetics influence prescribing? - ANSWER - -the
route
-the dosage needed
-dosing intervals
What are the 4 aspects of pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER - -absorption
-distribution
-metabolism
-excretion
What affects bioavailability the most? - ANSWER - PO administration
What is a pro-drug? - ANSWER - -a drug that needs to be metabolized
to become "activated"
pg. 1
,Page 2 of 436
What is the major organ of metabolism? - ANSWER - -Liver
-Uses enzymes called "CYPs"
-these enzymes can induce or inhibit metabolism
What is the half-life of a drug? - ANSWER - -how long it takes for a
drug at its original amount to be reduced by 50%
Why is it important to know the half-life of a drug? - ANSWER - -to
help determine dosing intervals to maintain therapeutic levels
What is the first-pass effect? - ANSWER - -alteration of the drug dose
by metabolism before it reaches systemic circulation
-only happens with PO medications
What are the genetic variances of metabolism? - ANSWER - -poor
metabolizers (certain enzymes are little to none)
-intermediate metabolizers
-extensive metabolizers (NORMAL)
-ultra-rapid metabolizers (duplicate genes to make extra enzymes)
What is the primary organ of excretion? - ANSWER - kidneys
What are other methods of excretion? - ANSWER - -saliva
pg. 2
,Page 3 of 436
-sweat
-breastmilk
-skin
-lungs
Why would the elderly have a smaller first-pass effect? Why is this
important to know? - ANSWER - -decreased liver mass
-decreased enzymes
-->this is important because with a smaller first pass effect higher drugs
levels will reach circulation
What does the rate of excretion depend primarily on? - ANSWER - -
renal blood flow
-glomerular filtration rate
What is an adverse effect? - ANSWER - -negative side effect
-undesirable
-unintended
What is an enzyme inhibitor? - ANSWER - -inhibits the enzyme action
causing decreased metabolism
-this can increase the drug levels
-it can affect all drugs that utilize the same metabolic pathway
pg. 3
, Page 4 of 436
What is an enzyme inducer? - ANSWER - -increases the enzymes that
induces metabolism
-this decreases drug levels
-it can affect all drugs that utilize the same metabolic pathway
What is an agonist? - ANSWER - -a drug that binds to AND activates a
receptor
What is a partial agonist? - ANSWER - A drug that binds to and
activates a receptor but produces a smaller effect at full dosage than a
full agonist
What is an antagonist? - ANSWER - -A molecule that binds to a receptor
but does NOT activate it--it blocks the activating drug from binding to
the receptor
When is a drug-drug interaction risk the greatest? - ANSWER - -when a
patient is taking multiple medications (poly-pharmacy)
What is the most common cause of ER visits from an adverse drug
reaction? - ANSWER - -bleeding from anticoagulants
What are contraindications? - ANSWER - -do not give
-the risks outweigh the benefits
pg. 4
