BIOL 203 Microbiology LCC Final Exam (2 Latest
Versions) / BIOL 203 Microbiology LCC Final
Preparation/BIOL 203 Microbiology LCC Final Practice
Exam With Complete Questions And Correct Answers|
Brand New Version!
There are two cell types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. List the 7 classes or basic
types of microorganisms and identify each as prokaryotic, eukaryotic, both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic, or neither.
- ans -1. Bacteria- prokaryotic
2. Archaea- prokaryotic
3. Algae- eukaryotic
4. Fungi- eukaryotic
5. Protozoa- eukaryotic
6. Helminthes- eukaryotic
7. Viruses- neither
What is a bacterial endospore? Explain how endospore-forming bacteria could
cause a scientist to believe in spontaneous generation. - ans -A bacterial
endospore is an organism that is able to survive in extreme conditions due to
their tough structure.
Endospore-forming bacteria could cause scientists to believe in spontaneous
generation because, they can survive in extreme conditions that would normally
kill bacteria. In spontaneous generation, it is said that living things appear from
vital forces existing in nonliving or decomposing matter, but there could be
bacterial endospore living in that situation without the scientists knowing.
Describe how organisms are placed in the Three Domain (Woese-Fox)
classification system vs how organisms are placed in the Five Kingdom (Traditional
Wittaker) classification system. Which classification system is more useful to a
microbiologist and why? - ans -Organisms are placed in the Three Domain
classification system by using the three main branches, "Bacteria," Archaea," and
"Eukarya." They are placed in each domain based on what kind of cell they are
,(eukaryotic and prokaryotic). Although prokaryotic cells are both Domain Bacteria
and Domain Archaea, the members of the Domain Archaea are very different
from the ones in Domain Bacteria as they are able to live in severe environments
and are also able to produce metabolic byproducts.
Organisms are placed in the Five Kingdom classification system by using certain
levels that the organisms need to pass in order to go on to the next level. The
bottom level is the domain and the organism works its way up to the top level,
which is species.
It is more useful for a microbiologist to use the Three Domain classification
system because it classifies organisms into smaller classifications rather than
being broad. The Five Kingdom classification system is more observation based
while the Three Domain classification system is more DNA based.
Why must an electron microscope be used to see most viruses? Why can't they be
seen using a light microscope? - ans -An electron microscope must be used to see
most viruses because viruses are too small to be seen by the optical microscope.
The electron microscope has a magnification of 5,000X to 1,000,000X and it does
not use light.
Viruses can't be seen using a light microscope because light microscopes do not
have as much magnification as the electron microscope and you will not be able
to see the viruses.
What is the difference between a mixed culture and a pure culture of microbes? -
ans -The difference between a mixed culture and a pure culture of microbes is
that a mixed culture are multiple species growing in a container while a pure
culture is one species growing in a container.
Mannitol Salt Agar and MacConkey Agar are two examples of media that is both
selective and differential. In your own words describe what selective and
differential mean. - ans -Selective- Contains one or more agents that restrain
growth of a certain microbe(s) but urge the growth of another.
Differential- Allows several types of microbes to grow and show differences
among themselves.
,All bacteria make humans ill. - ans -False
In the three domain classification system, all prokaryotic cells are grouped into
Monera. - ans -False
Angelina Hesse suggested adding ______ as a thickener to broth in order to make
solid media. - ans -Agar
Koch's postulates were used - ans -to definitively link one microorganism to one
disease.
In this class of microorganisms, all members are prokaryotes. - ans -bacteria
The theory that states life can arise from nonliving things and would explain an
infection by stating that first the body would be in a diseased state after which
microorganisms would appear is - ans -spontaneous generation
How would you correctly abbreviate Helicobacter hepaticus? - ans -H. hepaticus
Which of the following class(es) of microorganisms can exist as a multicellular
lifeform? (Select all that apply.) - ans -Helminthes
Algae
Fungi
Which of the following classes of microorganisms are made up of eukaryotic cells?
(Select all that apply.) - ans -fungi
algae
helminthe
protozoa
Which of the following classes of microorganisms contain even one member that
can make humans sick? - ans -fungi
bacteria
viruses
protozoa
algae
, helminthes
Bacteria are typically larger in size than viruses. - ans -true
Microbes are ubiquitous. - ans -true
What characteristics do all living organisms have? Do you agree that viruses are
not living? Why or why not? - ans -Characteristics that all living organisms have is;
they are made of cells, they have a metabolism, they have reproduction abilities,
they are able to grow and develop, they are able to move, and they have cell
support, protection, and mechanisms.
I agree that viruses are not living, this is because they are not cells. One of the
characteristics of being a living organism is that they need to be made of cells.
How can fimbriae make a bacterial cell more virulent? How can a capsule make a
bacterial cell more virulent? - ans -We describe a pathogen (bacteria, viruses, etc.)
as virulent when it is either better able to infect and cause disease or cause more
harm to the host due to factors such as presence of fimbriae and capsules.
Fimbriae are short, hair-like structures that are attached to the cell membrane.
They extend from the cell and make the cell "sticky." The fimbriae allow the cell to
attach to things such as the cells of your body. Imagine two bacterial cells totally
identical except for the fact that one contains fimbriae and the other does not. If
these two cells tried to infect your throat, the cell without fimbriae would quickly
be washed away (out of the body via a cough or sneeze, or into your stomach acid
via the action of mucous and cilia.) It would have little chance of causing an
infection. The cell with fimbriae would be considered more virulent because the
fimbriae would allow it to attach to your cells and resist all of the body's flushing
mechanisms. It would be much more likely to cause an infection.
A bacterial capsule is a gel-like substance made of sugar and water that surrounds
the outside of a bacterial cell. The capsule is not antigenic meaning the host
immune system doesn't recognize it as something foreign that should be
attacked. It also covers many of the things that are antigenic and would spur the
Versions) / BIOL 203 Microbiology LCC Final
Preparation/BIOL 203 Microbiology LCC Final Practice
Exam With Complete Questions And Correct Answers|
Brand New Version!
There are two cell types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. List the 7 classes or basic
types of microorganisms and identify each as prokaryotic, eukaryotic, both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic, or neither.
- ans -1. Bacteria- prokaryotic
2. Archaea- prokaryotic
3. Algae- eukaryotic
4. Fungi- eukaryotic
5. Protozoa- eukaryotic
6. Helminthes- eukaryotic
7. Viruses- neither
What is a bacterial endospore? Explain how endospore-forming bacteria could
cause a scientist to believe in spontaneous generation. - ans -A bacterial
endospore is an organism that is able to survive in extreme conditions due to
their tough structure.
Endospore-forming bacteria could cause scientists to believe in spontaneous
generation because, they can survive in extreme conditions that would normally
kill bacteria. In spontaneous generation, it is said that living things appear from
vital forces existing in nonliving or decomposing matter, but there could be
bacterial endospore living in that situation without the scientists knowing.
Describe how organisms are placed in the Three Domain (Woese-Fox)
classification system vs how organisms are placed in the Five Kingdom (Traditional
Wittaker) classification system. Which classification system is more useful to a
microbiologist and why? - ans -Organisms are placed in the Three Domain
classification system by using the three main branches, "Bacteria," Archaea," and
"Eukarya." They are placed in each domain based on what kind of cell they are
,(eukaryotic and prokaryotic). Although prokaryotic cells are both Domain Bacteria
and Domain Archaea, the members of the Domain Archaea are very different
from the ones in Domain Bacteria as they are able to live in severe environments
and are also able to produce metabolic byproducts.
Organisms are placed in the Five Kingdom classification system by using certain
levels that the organisms need to pass in order to go on to the next level. The
bottom level is the domain and the organism works its way up to the top level,
which is species.
It is more useful for a microbiologist to use the Three Domain classification
system because it classifies organisms into smaller classifications rather than
being broad. The Five Kingdom classification system is more observation based
while the Three Domain classification system is more DNA based.
Why must an electron microscope be used to see most viruses? Why can't they be
seen using a light microscope? - ans -An electron microscope must be used to see
most viruses because viruses are too small to be seen by the optical microscope.
The electron microscope has a magnification of 5,000X to 1,000,000X and it does
not use light.
Viruses can't be seen using a light microscope because light microscopes do not
have as much magnification as the electron microscope and you will not be able
to see the viruses.
What is the difference between a mixed culture and a pure culture of microbes? -
ans -The difference between a mixed culture and a pure culture of microbes is
that a mixed culture are multiple species growing in a container while a pure
culture is one species growing in a container.
Mannitol Salt Agar and MacConkey Agar are two examples of media that is both
selective and differential. In your own words describe what selective and
differential mean. - ans -Selective- Contains one or more agents that restrain
growth of a certain microbe(s) but urge the growth of another.
Differential- Allows several types of microbes to grow and show differences
among themselves.
,All bacteria make humans ill. - ans -False
In the three domain classification system, all prokaryotic cells are grouped into
Monera. - ans -False
Angelina Hesse suggested adding ______ as a thickener to broth in order to make
solid media. - ans -Agar
Koch's postulates were used - ans -to definitively link one microorganism to one
disease.
In this class of microorganisms, all members are prokaryotes. - ans -bacteria
The theory that states life can arise from nonliving things and would explain an
infection by stating that first the body would be in a diseased state after which
microorganisms would appear is - ans -spontaneous generation
How would you correctly abbreviate Helicobacter hepaticus? - ans -H. hepaticus
Which of the following class(es) of microorganisms can exist as a multicellular
lifeform? (Select all that apply.) - ans -Helminthes
Algae
Fungi
Which of the following classes of microorganisms are made up of eukaryotic cells?
(Select all that apply.) - ans -fungi
algae
helminthe
protozoa
Which of the following classes of microorganisms contain even one member that
can make humans sick? - ans -fungi
bacteria
viruses
protozoa
algae
, helminthes
Bacteria are typically larger in size than viruses. - ans -true
Microbes are ubiquitous. - ans -true
What characteristics do all living organisms have? Do you agree that viruses are
not living? Why or why not? - ans -Characteristics that all living organisms have is;
they are made of cells, they have a metabolism, they have reproduction abilities,
they are able to grow and develop, they are able to move, and they have cell
support, protection, and mechanisms.
I agree that viruses are not living, this is because they are not cells. One of the
characteristics of being a living organism is that they need to be made of cells.
How can fimbriae make a bacterial cell more virulent? How can a capsule make a
bacterial cell more virulent? - ans -We describe a pathogen (bacteria, viruses, etc.)
as virulent when it is either better able to infect and cause disease or cause more
harm to the host due to factors such as presence of fimbriae and capsules.
Fimbriae are short, hair-like structures that are attached to the cell membrane.
They extend from the cell and make the cell "sticky." The fimbriae allow the cell to
attach to things such as the cells of your body. Imagine two bacterial cells totally
identical except for the fact that one contains fimbriae and the other does not. If
these two cells tried to infect your throat, the cell without fimbriae would quickly
be washed away (out of the body via a cough or sneeze, or into your stomach acid
via the action of mucous and cilia.) It would have little chance of causing an
infection. The cell with fimbriae would be considered more virulent because the
fimbriae would allow it to attach to your cells and resist all of the body's flushing
mechanisms. It would be much more likely to cause an infection.
A bacterial capsule is a gel-like substance made of sugar and water that surrounds
the outside of a bacterial cell. The capsule is not antigenic meaning the host
immune system doesn't recognize it as something foreign that should be
attacked. It also covers many of the things that are antigenic and would spur the
