COPD NCLEX FINAL PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS MARKED A+
✔✔The nurse who is explaining the pathophysiology of COPD to a client includes the
fact that alveolar destruction results in which manifestations? Select all that apply.
a.
Decrease surface area for gas exchange
b.
Increased dead space air
c.
Development of pulmonary emboli
d.
Chronic dilation of bronchioles
e.
Airway collapse related to loss of elasticity - ✔✔a. decrease surface area for gas
exchange
e. Airway collapse related to loss of elasticity
Rationale: The loss of elasticity in the airway of a client with COPD can be airway
attributed to repeated infections and inflammation, which leads to airway collapse.
Airway collapse can cause alveolar destruction because of either over or under inflation
of alveolar sacs. The impaired gas exchange occurring with COPD is caused by the
loss of alveolar surface area available for gas exchange. Destruction of alveoli is not
related to increased dead space air, pulmonary emboli, or chronic dilation of
bronchioles.
✔✔When teaching the parents of an older infant with CF (cystic fibrosis) about the type
of diet the child should consume, which of the following would be most appropriate?
a.
low protein diet
b.
high fat diet
c.
low carbohydrate diet
d.
high calorie diet - ✔✔d. high calorie diet
Rationale: CF affects the exocrine glands. Mucus is thick and tenacious, sticking to the
walls of the pancreatic and bile ducts and eventually causing obstruction, a moderate
fat, high calorie diet is indicated.
✔✔What should the nurse include when teaching health maintenance strategies to the
client with COPD? Select all that apply.
a.
Yearly influenza immunizations
b.
, Immunization against pneumonia
c.
Limitation of physical activity
d.
Oral fluid restrictions
e.
Adequate caloric intake - ✔✔a. yearly influenza immunizations
b. immunization against pneumonia
e. Adequate caloric intake
Rationale:
Clients with COPD are highly susceptible to respiratory infections such as influenza, so
they should be immunized yearly. Clients with COPD use a large amount of calories
because of labored respiratory function; increased caloric intake is necessary to
maintain a healthy weight. Clients with COPD should undergo a progressive
rehabilitation program to increase their activity tolerance. Fluid restriction is not needed
with COPD unless there is a fluid retention from another etiology.
✔✔A client is receiving isoetharine hydrochloride (Bronkosol) via a nebulizer. The nurse
monitors the client for which side effect of this medication?
a.
Constipation
b.
Diarrhea
c.
Bradycardia
d.
Tachycardia - ✔✔d. Tachycardia
Side effects that can occur from a beta 2 agonist include tremors, nausea, nervousness,
palpitations, tachycardia, peripheral vasodilation, and dryness of the mouth or throat.
✔✔Which of the following outcomes would be appropriate for a client with COPD who
has been discharged to home? The client:
a.
Promises to do pursed lip breathing at home.
b.
States actions to reduce pain.
c.
States that he will use oxygen via a nasal cannula at 5 L/minute.
d.
Knows to call the physician if dyspnea on exertion increases. - ✔✔d. knows to call the
physician if dyspnea on exertion increases
Rationale: Increasing dyspnea on exertion indicates that the client may be experiencing
complications of COPD, and therefore the physician should be notified. Extracting
SOLUTIONS MARKED A+
✔✔The nurse who is explaining the pathophysiology of COPD to a client includes the
fact that alveolar destruction results in which manifestations? Select all that apply.
a.
Decrease surface area for gas exchange
b.
Increased dead space air
c.
Development of pulmonary emboli
d.
Chronic dilation of bronchioles
e.
Airway collapse related to loss of elasticity - ✔✔a. decrease surface area for gas
exchange
e. Airway collapse related to loss of elasticity
Rationale: The loss of elasticity in the airway of a client with COPD can be airway
attributed to repeated infections and inflammation, which leads to airway collapse.
Airway collapse can cause alveolar destruction because of either over or under inflation
of alveolar sacs. The impaired gas exchange occurring with COPD is caused by the
loss of alveolar surface area available for gas exchange. Destruction of alveoli is not
related to increased dead space air, pulmonary emboli, or chronic dilation of
bronchioles.
✔✔When teaching the parents of an older infant with CF (cystic fibrosis) about the type
of diet the child should consume, which of the following would be most appropriate?
a.
low protein diet
b.
high fat diet
c.
low carbohydrate diet
d.
high calorie diet - ✔✔d. high calorie diet
Rationale: CF affects the exocrine glands. Mucus is thick and tenacious, sticking to the
walls of the pancreatic and bile ducts and eventually causing obstruction, a moderate
fat, high calorie diet is indicated.
✔✔What should the nurse include when teaching health maintenance strategies to the
client with COPD? Select all that apply.
a.
Yearly influenza immunizations
b.
, Immunization against pneumonia
c.
Limitation of physical activity
d.
Oral fluid restrictions
e.
Adequate caloric intake - ✔✔a. yearly influenza immunizations
b. immunization against pneumonia
e. Adequate caloric intake
Rationale:
Clients with COPD are highly susceptible to respiratory infections such as influenza, so
they should be immunized yearly. Clients with COPD use a large amount of calories
because of labored respiratory function; increased caloric intake is necessary to
maintain a healthy weight. Clients with COPD should undergo a progressive
rehabilitation program to increase their activity tolerance. Fluid restriction is not needed
with COPD unless there is a fluid retention from another etiology.
✔✔A client is receiving isoetharine hydrochloride (Bronkosol) via a nebulizer. The nurse
monitors the client for which side effect of this medication?
a.
Constipation
b.
Diarrhea
c.
Bradycardia
d.
Tachycardia - ✔✔d. Tachycardia
Side effects that can occur from a beta 2 agonist include tremors, nausea, nervousness,
palpitations, tachycardia, peripheral vasodilation, and dryness of the mouth or throat.
✔✔Which of the following outcomes would be appropriate for a client with COPD who
has been discharged to home? The client:
a.
Promises to do pursed lip breathing at home.
b.
States actions to reduce pain.
c.
States that he will use oxygen via a nasal cannula at 5 L/minute.
d.
Knows to call the physician if dyspnea on exertion increases. - ✔✔d. knows to call the
physician if dyspnea on exertion increases
Rationale: Increasing dyspnea on exertion indicates that the client may be experiencing
complications of COPD, and therefore the physician should be notified. Extracting
