Test Bank for Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy 4th Edition By Ellen Hillegass| 9780323340311| All Chapters 1-22| LATEST

Copyright ©2011, 2001, 1994 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier
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Inc.

, Hillegass: Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy, 3rd Edition
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Chapter 1: Anatomy of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems
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m Test Bank
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MULTIPLE CHOICE m




1. Which of the following chest wall structures is located level with the second costal
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mcartilage anteriorly and thoracic vertebra T4 and T5 posteriorly?
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A. Sternal angle m


B. Jugular notch m


C. Xiphoid process m


D. Third costal cartilagem m




ANS: A m m


The sternal angle of the “angle of Louis” is level with the second costal cartilage anteriorly
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and thoracic vertebrae T4 and T5 posteriorly.
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PTS: 1

2. Pectus excuvatum is BEST described as:
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A. Deformity of the sternum caused by trauma m m m m m m


B. Caved-in appearance of the chest m m m m


C. Diminished rib angle anteriorly m m m


D. Conical shape of the thoracic cage
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ANS: B m m


Pectus excuvatum is a common congenital deformity of the anterior wall of the chest, in
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which several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally; it produces a caved-in or sunken
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appearance of the chest.
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PTS: 1

3. The true ribs are BEST defined by which of the following statements?
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A. Vertebrochondral ribs m


B. Vertebrosternal ribs m


C. Ribs 11 and 12 m m m


D. Ribs 8, 9, and 10 m m m m




ANS: B m m


The first seven ribs attach via their costal cartilages to the sternum and are called the true ribs
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(also known as the vertebrosternal ribs).
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PTS: 1




Copyright ©2011, 2001, 1994 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier
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Inc.

, Test Bank
m 1-2



4. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate for a patient with lower rib
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mfractures?
A. Short, shallow breaths m m


B. Pursed lip breathing m m


C. Deep breaths with splinting
m m m


D. Breathing with arms raised m m m




ANS: C m m


It is important for all therapists to recommend breathing (deep breathing), splinting (i.e.,
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mpillow), and coughing strategies for patients with rib fractures.
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PTS: 1

5. Which of the following positions facilitates greater excursion of both hemidiaphragms at rest?
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A. Supine position m


B. Sidelying position m


C. Standing position m


D. Sitting position m




ANS: A m m


In the supine position, without the effects of gravity, the level of the diaphragm in the thoracic
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mcavity rises. This allows for a relatively greater excursion.
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PTS: 1

6. Which of the following muscles help to achieve the active process of inspiration at rest?
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A. Sternocleidomastoid
B. Diaphragm
C. Abdominal muscles m


D. Trapezius
ANS: B m m


The diaphragm and internal intercostals (intercartilaginous portion) are the essential muscles to
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achieve the active process of inspiration at rest. Abdominal muscles assist with expiration.
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The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius are accessory muscles and assist with a more forceful
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inspiration.
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PTS: 1

7. Which of the following accessory muscles of ventilation function to elevate and fix the first
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mand second ribs?
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A. Sternocleidomastoid muscle m


B. Serratus anterior m


C. Latissimus dorsi m


D. Scalene muscle m




mANS: m D


Copyright ©2011, 2001, 1994 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier
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Inc.

, Test Bank
m 1-3

The scalene muscles lie deep to the sternocleidomastoid, but may be palpated in the posterior
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triangle of the neck. These muscles function as a unit to elevate and fix the first and second
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ribs. The sternocleidomastoid muscle elevates the sternum.
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PTS: 1

8. When the arms and shoulders are fixed, by leaning on the elbows or grasping onto a table,
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this muscle can use its insertion as its origin and facilitate an increase in the A-P diameter
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of the thorax.
m m m


A. Upper trapezius m


B. Pectoralis major m


C. Sternocleidomastoid
D. Serratus anterior m




ANS: B m m


When the insertion and origin of the pectoralis muscle are reversed by leaning on a table to
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fix the arms, the muscle will pull on the anterior chest wall, lifting the ribs and sternum to
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increase the A-P diameter of the thoracic cage.
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PTS: 1
9. The serous fluid within the pleural space serves to provide which of the following functions?
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A. Create a constant negative pressure m m m m


B. Assist with venous return of blood to the heart
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C. Reduce friction between the lungs and thoracic wall
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D. Serve to allow separation of the pleural layers
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ANS: C m m


The serous fluid within the pleural space serves to hold the pleural layers together during
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ventilation and reduce friction between the lungs and the thoracic wall. The space creates the
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negative pressure to maintain lung inflation, not the fluid itself.
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PTS: 1
10. Irritation of the phrenic supplied pleura results in which of the following pain referral patterns?
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A. Thoracic wall m


B. Abdominal wall m


C. Mediasternal region m


D. Lower neck and shoulder m m m




ANS: D m m


Irritation of the phrenic supplied pleura can result in referred pain in the lower neck and
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mshoulder, whereas, irritation of the intercostally innervated pleura may result in referral of
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mpain to the thoracic or abdominal wall.
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PTS: 1

11. An abnormal pleural friction rub on auscultation BEST indicates which of the following?
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A. Infection with a resultant inflammatory response within the pleura
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Copyright ©2011, 2001, 1994 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier
m m m m m m m m m

Inc.