Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names
June 2025 Pearson Edexcel: GCSE (9–1)
Centre Number Candidate Number Astronomy 1AS0/02 – Paper 2 Telescopic
Astronomy – Merged Question Paper &
Mark Scheme.
Pearson Edexcel Level 1/ Level 2 GCSE (9–1)
Thursday 12 June 2025
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 45 minutes) Paper
reference 1AS0/02
Astronomy 🟐 🟐
PAPER 2: Telescopic Astronomy
You must have: Total Marks
Formulae and Data Sheet (enclosed)
Calculator, ruler
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Answer all questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
•• Calculators may be used.
Any diagrams may NOT be accurately drawn, unless otherwise indicated.
• You endshow
must
at the all your
of your working out with your answer clearly identified
solution.
Information
•• The total mark for this paper is 100.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Check answer
Try to every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P78692A
©2025 Pearson Education Ltd.
Y:1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
, Formulae and Data Sheet
Formulae
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Equation of Time = Apparent Solar Time (AST) – Mean Solar Time (MST)
T2
Kepler’s 3rd law: = a constant
r3
fo
Magnification of telescope: magnification =
fe
Distance modulus formula: M = m + 5 – 5 log d
λ λ0 v
Redshift formula:
λ0 c
Hubble’s law: v = H0d
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Data
Mass of Earth 6.0 × 1024 kg
Mean diameter of Earth 13 000 km
Mean diameter of Moon 3500 km
Mean diameter of Sun 1.4 × 106 km
One Astronomical Unit (AU) 1.5 × 108 km
Mean Earth to Moon distance 380 000 km
One light year (l.y.) 9.5 × 1012 km DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
One parsec (pc) 3.1 × 1013 km = 3.26 l.y.
Sidereal day of Earth 23 h 56 min
Synodic day of Earth 24 h 00 min
Temperature of solar photosphere 5800 K
Hubble Constant 68 km/s/Mpc
Speed of light in vacuum 3.0 × 108 m/s
2
■■■■
, DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
■■■■
Sidereal Mean
Type of Mean distance Diameter Mass/ Ring
Name period/ Earth temperature Moons
body from Sun/AU /1000 km Earth mass systems
year /°C
Mercury planet 0.38 0.24 170 4.9 0.055 no none
Venus planet 0.72 0.62 470 12.1 0.82 no none
Earth planet 1.0 1.0 15 12.8 1.00 no 1: the Moon
2 small moons: Deimos and
Mars planet 1.5 1.9 –50 6.9 0.11 no
Phobos
Ceres dwarf planet 2.8 4.6 –105 0.95 1.5 × 10–4 no none
4 major moons: Ganymede,
Jupiter planet 5.2 11.9 –150 143 318 yes Callisto, Europa, Io
>60 others
5 major moons: including
Saturn planet 9.5 29.5 –180 121 95 yes Titan, Iapetus
>55 others
5 major moons: including
Uranus planet 19.1 84.0 –210 51 15 yes Titania, Oberon
>20 others
1 major: Triton
Neptune planet 30.0 165 –220 50 17 yes
>12 others
1 major: Charon
Pluto dwarf planet 39.5 248 –230 2.4 2.2 × 10–3 no
>4 other moons
Haumea dwarf planet 43.1 283 –241 1.4 6.7 × 10–4 no 2
Eris dwarf planet 67.8 557 –230 2.3 2.8 × 10–3 no at least 1
Turn over
3
, Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 (a) A student used a telescope to make sketches of some planets.
The student wrote a description of each planet.
Identify each planet from its description and sketch.
(i) A small, bright disc with a clearly visible ring system, as shown in Figure 1.
(1)
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Figure 1
A Jupiter
B Mars
C Neptune
D Saturn
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
4
■■■■
Candidate surname Other names
June 2025 Pearson Edexcel: GCSE (9–1)
Centre Number Candidate Number Astronomy 1AS0/02 – Paper 2 Telescopic
Astronomy – Merged Question Paper &
Mark Scheme.
Pearson Edexcel Level 1/ Level 2 GCSE (9–1)
Thursday 12 June 2025
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 45 minutes) Paper
reference 1AS0/02
Astronomy 🟐 🟐
PAPER 2: Telescopic Astronomy
You must have: Total Marks
Formulae and Data Sheet (enclosed)
Calculator, ruler
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Answer all questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
•• Calculators may be used.
Any diagrams may NOT be accurately drawn, unless otherwise indicated.
• You endshow
must
at the all your
of your working out with your answer clearly identified
solution.
Information
•• The total mark for this paper is 100.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Check answer
Try to every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P78692A
©2025 Pearson Education Ltd.
Y:1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
, Formulae and Data Sheet
Formulae
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Equation of Time = Apparent Solar Time (AST) – Mean Solar Time (MST)
T2
Kepler’s 3rd law: = a constant
r3
fo
Magnification of telescope: magnification =
fe
Distance modulus formula: M = m + 5 – 5 log d
λ λ0 v
Redshift formula:
λ0 c
Hubble’s law: v = H0d
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Data
Mass of Earth 6.0 × 1024 kg
Mean diameter of Earth 13 000 km
Mean diameter of Moon 3500 km
Mean diameter of Sun 1.4 × 106 km
One Astronomical Unit (AU) 1.5 × 108 km
Mean Earth to Moon distance 380 000 km
One light year (l.y.) 9.5 × 1012 km DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
One parsec (pc) 3.1 × 1013 km = 3.26 l.y.
Sidereal day of Earth 23 h 56 min
Synodic day of Earth 24 h 00 min
Temperature of solar photosphere 5800 K
Hubble Constant 68 km/s/Mpc
Speed of light in vacuum 3.0 × 108 m/s
2
■■■■
, DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
■■■■
Sidereal Mean
Type of Mean distance Diameter Mass/ Ring
Name period/ Earth temperature Moons
body from Sun/AU /1000 km Earth mass systems
year /°C
Mercury planet 0.38 0.24 170 4.9 0.055 no none
Venus planet 0.72 0.62 470 12.1 0.82 no none
Earth planet 1.0 1.0 15 12.8 1.00 no 1: the Moon
2 small moons: Deimos and
Mars planet 1.5 1.9 –50 6.9 0.11 no
Phobos
Ceres dwarf planet 2.8 4.6 –105 0.95 1.5 × 10–4 no none
4 major moons: Ganymede,
Jupiter planet 5.2 11.9 –150 143 318 yes Callisto, Europa, Io
>60 others
5 major moons: including
Saturn planet 9.5 29.5 –180 121 95 yes Titan, Iapetus
>55 others
5 major moons: including
Uranus planet 19.1 84.0 –210 51 15 yes Titania, Oberon
>20 others
1 major: Triton
Neptune planet 30.0 165 –220 50 17 yes
>12 others
1 major: Charon
Pluto dwarf planet 39.5 248 –230 2.4 2.2 × 10–3 no
>4 other moons
Haumea dwarf planet 43.1 283 –241 1.4 6.7 × 10–4 no 2
Eris dwarf planet 67.8 557 –230 2.3 2.8 × 10–3 no at least 1
Turn over
3
, Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 (a) A student used a telescope to make sketches of some planets.
The student wrote a description of each planet.
Identify each planet from its description and sketch.
(i) A small, bright disc with a clearly visible ring system, as shown in Figure 1.
(1)
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Figure 1
A Jupiter
B Mars
C Neptune
D Saturn
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
4
■■■■
