Nr341 Pharmacology Cje Benchmark Newest 2025/2026
Complete Questions And Correct Detailed Answers
(Verified Answers) |Brand New Version!!
What are the 'Seven Rights' of medication administration? - ans -Right drug, right
dose, right time, right route, right patient, right documentation, right reason or
indication.
What should be done when a medication error occurs? - ans -Ensure client safety,
notify healthcare provider, follow facility procedures, reflect on the situation, and
do not record incident report completion in medical records.
What is the priority when using reversal agents for drug overdoses? - ans -Identify
the overdose medication.
What are common antidotes for specific drugs? - ans -Warfarin: Vitamin K;
Heparin: Protamine; Acetaminophen: Acetylcysteine; Calcium Channel Blockers:
Intravenous Calcium; Benzodiazepines: Flumazenil; Beta Blockers: Glucagon;
Opioid Drugs: Naloxone.
What defines an Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)? - ans -An ADR is an unexpected,
unintended, or excessive response to medications given at therapeutic dosages.
What is an Adverse Drug Event (ADE)? - ans -An ADE is an undesirable occurrence
related to the administration of or failure to administer a prescribed medication.
What is the importance of patient education regarding medications? - ans -
Educate patients on medications, potential interactions, maintain a current
medication list, and verify it with pharmacy.
What is the significance of the Therapeutic Index in pharmacology? - ans -A wide
therapeutic index indicates a large range between therapeutic and toxic doses,
while a low therapeutic index indicates a small range, increasing the risk for
toxicity.
, What are the nursing considerations for using Albuterol? - ans -Monitor for
cardiovascular side effects like tachycardia and palpitations, and be aware that
long-term use can decrease B2 effect leading to B1 stimulation.
What is the mechanism of action for Beta Agonists like Albuterol? - ans -Beta
Agonists relax and dilate airways by stimulating Beta2-adrenergic receptors.
What are common sensory motor defects in elderly patients? - ans -Elderly
patients may experience sensory motor defects.
What cardiovascular changes occur in elderly patients? - ans -Elderly patients
experience decreased cardiac output (CO) and blood flow.
What is polypharmacy and why is it common in elderly patients? - ans -
Polypharmacy refers to the use of multiple medications, which is common in
elderly patients due to chronic illnesses.
How does aging affect drug absorption in elderly patients? - ans -Aging leads to
decreased gastric pH, decreased peristalsis, and reduced GI blood flow.
What changes occur in drug distribution in elderly patients? - ans -Elderly patients
have increased fat content, decreased body mass and albumin, and decreased
body water.
How does metabolism change in elderly patients? - ans -Elderly patients
experience a slower first-pass effect.
What is the impact of aging on drug excretion? - ans -Aging results in decreased
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).
What is crucial for pediatric patients regarding medication? - ans -Weight/dose
calculation is crucial due to limited studies on pediatric patients.
How does drug absorption differ in pediatric patients? - ans -Pediatric patients
have less acidic pH until 1-2 years old, slow gastric emptying, faster IM
absorption, and thinner skin.
Complete Questions And Correct Detailed Answers
(Verified Answers) |Brand New Version!!
What are the 'Seven Rights' of medication administration? - ans -Right drug, right
dose, right time, right route, right patient, right documentation, right reason or
indication.
What should be done when a medication error occurs? - ans -Ensure client safety,
notify healthcare provider, follow facility procedures, reflect on the situation, and
do not record incident report completion in medical records.
What is the priority when using reversal agents for drug overdoses? - ans -Identify
the overdose medication.
What are common antidotes for specific drugs? - ans -Warfarin: Vitamin K;
Heparin: Protamine; Acetaminophen: Acetylcysteine; Calcium Channel Blockers:
Intravenous Calcium; Benzodiazepines: Flumazenil; Beta Blockers: Glucagon;
Opioid Drugs: Naloxone.
What defines an Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)? - ans -An ADR is an unexpected,
unintended, or excessive response to medications given at therapeutic dosages.
What is an Adverse Drug Event (ADE)? - ans -An ADE is an undesirable occurrence
related to the administration of or failure to administer a prescribed medication.
What is the importance of patient education regarding medications? - ans -
Educate patients on medications, potential interactions, maintain a current
medication list, and verify it with pharmacy.
What is the significance of the Therapeutic Index in pharmacology? - ans -A wide
therapeutic index indicates a large range between therapeutic and toxic doses,
while a low therapeutic index indicates a small range, increasing the risk for
toxicity.
, What are the nursing considerations for using Albuterol? - ans -Monitor for
cardiovascular side effects like tachycardia and palpitations, and be aware that
long-term use can decrease B2 effect leading to B1 stimulation.
What is the mechanism of action for Beta Agonists like Albuterol? - ans -Beta
Agonists relax and dilate airways by stimulating Beta2-adrenergic receptors.
What are common sensory motor defects in elderly patients? - ans -Elderly
patients may experience sensory motor defects.
What cardiovascular changes occur in elderly patients? - ans -Elderly patients
experience decreased cardiac output (CO) and blood flow.
What is polypharmacy and why is it common in elderly patients? - ans -
Polypharmacy refers to the use of multiple medications, which is common in
elderly patients due to chronic illnesses.
How does aging affect drug absorption in elderly patients? - ans -Aging leads to
decreased gastric pH, decreased peristalsis, and reduced GI blood flow.
What changes occur in drug distribution in elderly patients? - ans -Elderly patients
have increased fat content, decreased body mass and albumin, and decreased
body water.
How does metabolism change in elderly patients? - ans -Elderly patients
experience a slower first-pass effect.
What is the impact of aging on drug excretion? - ans -Aging results in decreased
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).
What is crucial for pediatric patients regarding medication? - ans -Weight/dose
calculation is crucial due to limited studies on pediatric patients.
How does drug absorption differ in pediatric patients? - ans -Pediatric patients
have less acidic pH until 1-2 years old, slow gastric emptying, faster IM
absorption, and thinner skin.
