BIOD 171 Module 2 Exam
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1. What is cellular Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organ-
metabolism? isms in order to maintain life
2. What is the Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Most notably, the enzyme is not consumed
primary function during the reaction and can be used repeatedly by the cell. Enzymes can also be
of enzymes, and regulated by a cofactor such that in the absence of the proper cofactor, enzymes
how are they reg- are inactive while in its presence enzymes are active.
ulated?
3. What is the differ- Catabolism is the process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy
ence between ca- sources whereas anabolism is the building up or biosynthesis od macromolecules
tabolism and an- from smaller molecular units into larger complexes, most often associated with
abolism? cellular growth and repair
4. ATP has the ener- Donate, accept
gy to ______, while
ADP has the ca-
pacity to ______
energy.
5. Chemotrophs Chemotrophs, which acquire energy from preformed chemicals found in the
can be environment, can be divided into either organotrophs (removing electrons from
subdivided into organic molecules such as glucose) or lithotrophs, which remove electrons from
what two inorganic molecules
additional
subgroups?
6. Chemotrophs uti- Chemotrophs use oxidative phosphorylation (may also accept substrate level
lize which form of phosphorylation). Oxidative phosphorylation utilizes the energy released by the
phosphorylation? chemical oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP
7. What are the Glycolysis is the first step of this process and yields 2 molecules of ATP. Next,
three distinct by either fermentation (or respiration) 2 additional molecules of ATP can be
, BIOD 171 Module 2 Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hz0o7x
stages in the ca- produces. Last, the electron transport chain (ETC) produces 34 ATP via an oxidative
tabolism of glu- phosphorylation event at the plasma membrane.
cose?
8. What are the re- Reactants are defined as any molecules present and involved at the beginning
actants of glycol- of a specific chemical reaction (ie) glycolysis. In terms of writing out a chemical
ysis? reaction, the reactants are everything located to the left of the arrow. The reactants
of glycolysis are glucose, the co-enzyme NAD+ and ATP.
9. How are the TCA The end products of the Kreb's (TCA) cycle are used to fuel the electron trans-
and ETC related? port chain. In other words, as the Kreb's cycle (TCA) produces an abundance of
reduced electron carriers (NADH and FADH2), it fuels the ETC. As the electrons
are transferred from NADH/FADH2 to terminal electron acceptors a proton motor
force is generated, ATP synthase is activated and up to 34 molecules of ATP can be
produced.
10. In the absence No. Additional enzymatic steps are simply required at the beginning of catabolism
of sugars, are to convert complex sugars into usable forms of either glucose or a glucose inter-
entirely differ- mediate (glucose-6-phosphate)
ent metabolic
pathways used
to process al-
ternative sugar
sources (fructose
or lactose)?
11. Proteases are Proteases are used to breakdown proteins (whereas lipases are used to breakdown
used to catabo- lipids)
lize what?
12. Excluding sugars, Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids can all serve as potential energy sources in the
what are the oth- absence of sugar. Lipids are rich in energy, often having several reduced carbon
er sources of en-
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hz0o7x
1. What is cellular Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organ-
metabolism? isms in order to maintain life
2. What is the Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Most notably, the enzyme is not consumed
primary function during the reaction and can be used repeatedly by the cell. Enzymes can also be
of enzymes, and regulated by a cofactor such that in the absence of the proper cofactor, enzymes
how are they reg- are inactive while in its presence enzymes are active.
ulated?
3. What is the differ- Catabolism is the process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy
ence between ca- sources whereas anabolism is the building up or biosynthesis od macromolecules
tabolism and an- from smaller molecular units into larger complexes, most often associated with
abolism? cellular growth and repair
4. ATP has the ener- Donate, accept
gy to ______, while
ADP has the ca-
pacity to ______
energy.
5. Chemotrophs Chemotrophs, which acquire energy from preformed chemicals found in the
can be environment, can be divided into either organotrophs (removing electrons from
subdivided into organic molecules such as glucose) or lithotrophs, which remove electrons from
what two inorganic molecules
additional
subgroups?
6. Chemotrophs uti- Chemotrophs use oxidative phosphorylation (may also accept substrate level
lize which form of phosphorylation). Oxidative phosphorylation utilizes the energy released by the
phosphorylation? chemical oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP
7. What are the Glycolysis is the first step of this process and yields 2 molecules of ATP. Next,
three distinct by either fermentation (or respiration) 2 additional molecules of ATP can be
, BIOD 171 Module 2 Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hz0o7x
stages in the ca- produces. Last, the electron transport chain (ETC) produces 34 ATP via an oxidative
tabolism of glu- phosphorylation event at the plasma membrane.
cose?
8. What are the re- Reactants are defined as any molecules present and involved at the beginning
actants of glycol- of a specific chemical reaction (ie) glycolysis. In terms of writing out a chemical
ysis? reaction, the reactants are everything located to the left of the arrow. The reactants
of glycolysis are glucose, the co-enzyme NAD+ and ATP.
9. How are the TCA The end products of the Kreb's (TCA) cycle are used to fuel the electron trans-
and ETC related? port chain. In other words, as the Kreb's cycle (TCA) produces an abundance of
reduced electron carriers (NADH and FADH2), it fuels the ETC. As the electrons
are transferred from NADH/FADH2 to terminal electron acceptors a proton motor
force is generated, ATP synthase is activated and up to 34 molecules of ATP can be
produced.
10. In the absence No. Additional enzymatic steps are simply required at the beginning of catabolism
of sugars, are to convert complex sugars into usable forms of either glucose or a glucose inter-
entirely differ- mediate (glucose-6-phosphate)
ent metabolic
pathways used
to process al-
ternative sugar
sources (fructose
or lactose)?
11. Proteases are Proteases are used to breakdown proteins (whereas lipases are used to breakdown
used to catabo- lipids)
lize what?
12. Excluding sugars, Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids can all serve as potential energy sources in the
what are the oth- absence of sugar. Lipids are rich in energy, often having several reduced carbon
er sources of en-
