TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
The Biological Basis for Diseases in Adults and Children 9th
Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide 2025-2026
,Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure
composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins,
such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain
most of a cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 2
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsS IhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
p eroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes
that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive
if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein
complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into
the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes.
Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins,
lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme
production.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
during cell injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can
then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other
options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PGs 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the
cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the
cell membrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to
the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell
membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell
membrane.
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to
the cell membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G =
gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period
between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M
phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 37
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by
acting as receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and
enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for
substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport
channels for various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and
specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of
certain ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping
concentrations of other ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations
found in the extracellular environment. The other options do not correctly describe
this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 13 | PG 15
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-
mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug
therapy for which human diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B
Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial
for designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently
in many human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative
disorders. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 15
9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the
plasma
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains c. Membrane channel proteins
b. Glycoprotein channels d. Lipid bilayer
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D
Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions
of the plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules
(molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are
insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of
water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as
oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other
options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PGs 12-13
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
a. How a cell membrane functions
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid
c. How tissue is differentiated
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A
Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes,
their
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining
options do not explain the mosaic model.
The Biological Basis for Diseases in Adults and Children 9th
Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide 2025-2026
,Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure
composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins,
such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain
most of a cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 2
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsS IhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
p eroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes
that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive
if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein
complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into
the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes.
Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins,
lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme
production.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
during cell injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can
then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other
options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PGs 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the
cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the
cell membrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to
the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell
membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell
membrane.
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to
the cell membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G =
gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period
between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M
phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 37
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by
acting as receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and
enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for
substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport
channels for various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and
specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of
certain ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping
concentrations of other ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations
found in the extracellular environment. The other options do not correctly describe
this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 13 | PG 15
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-
mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug
therapy for which human diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B
Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial
for designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently
in many human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative
disorders. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 15
9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the
plasma
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains c. Membrane channel proteins
b. Glycoprotein channels d. Lipid bilayer
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D
Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions
of the plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules
(molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are
insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of
water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as
oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other
options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PGs 12-13
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
a. How a cell membrane functions
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid
c. How tissue is differentiated
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A
Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes,
their
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining
options do not explain the mosaic model.
