Maryville NURS 611 Exam 4 2025/2026
Exam Questions and Correct Answers |
New Update
How much of the cardiac output do the kidneys require? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔20-25%
What causes the umbilical referred pain with kidney stones? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔sensory innervation of the upper part of the ureter arising from the 10th
thoracic nerve root.
What are the clinical manifestations of a UTI in older adults? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔confusion and poorly localized abdominal discomfort (symptoms are
vague).
What is pyelonephritis? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔it is an infection of one or both
upper urinary tracts(ureter, renal pelvis, and kidney interstitium).
,What are the underlying risk factors for the development of pyelonephritis?
- 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔urinary obstruction and reflux of urine from the bladder
(vesicoureteral reflux).
What microorganisms are associated with acute pyelonephritis? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔e. coli, proteus, or pseudomonas.
What do the microorganisms that cause pyelonephritis do to increase the
risk of stone formation? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the microorganisms split urea into
ammonia, making alkaline urine that increases the risk.
Define painful bladder syndrome (interstitial cystitis). - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔it is a
condition that includes nonbacterial infectious cystitis and noninfectious
cystitis.
It is possible that noninfectious cystitis is caused by an autoimmune
response. What happens during an autoimmune reaction? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔it may be responsible for inflammatory response, which includes mast
cell activation, altered epithelial permeability, neuroinflammation, and
increased sensory nerve stimulation.
How is a diagnosis of IC differentiated from a diagnosis of pyelonephritis? -
🧠 ANSWER ✔✔urine culture, urinalysis, and clinical signs and symptoms.
, White blood cell casts indicate pyelonephritis, but they are not always
present in the urine.
What lab values point to a reduced GFR? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔elevated
plasma urea, creatinine concentration, or reduced renal creatinine
clearance.
What is acute glomerulonephritis? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔it is a term that
includes renal diseases that cause glomerular inflammation through
immune mechanisms.
What happens to the GFR during an inflammatory response? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔the glomerular capillary filtration membrane including the endothelium,
basement membrane, and epithelium (podocytes) are damaged by
inflammation causing immune mechanisms.
What are the classic symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔sudden onset of hematuria including red blood cell casts and
proteinuria (milder than nephrotic syndrome), and in more severe cases,
these symptoms are also accompanied by edema, hypertension, and
impaired renal function.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
Exam Questions and Correct Answers |
New Update
How much of the cardiac output do the kidneys require? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔20-25%
What causes the umbilical referred pain with kidney stones? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔sensory innervation of the upper part of the ureter arising from the 10th
thoracic nerve root.
What are the clinical manifestations of a UTI in older adults? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔confusion and poorly localized abdominal discomfort (symptoms are
vague).
What is pyelonephritis? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔it is an infection of one or both
upper urinary tracts(ureter, renal pelvis, and kidney interstitium).
,What are the underlying risk factors for the development of pyelonephritis?
- 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔urinary obstruction and reflux of urine from the bladder
(vesicoureteral reflux).
What microorganisms are associated with acute pyelonephritis? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔e. coli, proteus, or pseudomonas.
What do the microorganisms that cause pyelonephritis do to increase the
risk of stone formation? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the microorganisms split urea into
ammonia, making alkaline urine that increases the risk.
Define painful bladder syndrome (interstitial cystitis). - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔it is a
condition that includes nonbacterial infectious cystitis and noninfectious
cystitis.
It is possible that noninfectious cystitis is caused by an autoimmune
response. What happens during an autoimmune reaction? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔it may be responsible for inflammatory response, which includes mast
cell activation, altered epithelial permeability, neuroinflammation, and
increased sensory nerve stimulation.
How is a diagnosis of IC differentiated from a diagnosis of pyelonephritis? -
🧠 ANSWER ✔✔urine culture, urinalysis, and clinical signs and symptoms.
, White blood cell casts indicate pyelonephritis, but they are not always
present in the urine.
What lab values point to a reduced GFR? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔elevated
plasma urea, creatinine concentration, or reduced renal creatinine
clearance.
What is acute glomerulonephritis? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔it is a term that
includes renal diseases that cause glomerular inflammation through
immune mechanisms.
What happens to the GFR during an inflammatory response? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔the glomerular capillary filtration membrane including the endothelium,
basement membrane, and epithelium (podocytes) are damaged by
inflammation causing immune mechanisms.
What are the classic symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔sudden onset of hematuria including red blood cell casts and
proteinuria (milder than nephrotic syndrome), and in more severe cases,
these symptoms are also accompanied by edema, hypertension, and
impaired renal function.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
