CASA ATPL AHUF Exam Study Guide
2025 – Civil Aviation Safety Authority
Air Transport Pilot Licence Aviation
Human Factors
BMI formula - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>weight (kg) / height (m^2)
Most common cause of pilot incapacitation - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>Food and drink poisoning
Most comfortable temperature range and relative humidity range -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>21-27 degrees C at 40-60% relative humidity
Definition of heat stress type 1 and remedy - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>Operating above 32 degs C best remedied by drinking water.
Definition of heat stress type 2 - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Too much sun
through sunbathing, inadequate protection or liquid intake
,Definition of heat stress type 3 - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Temperatures
below 10 degs C. Body loses more body heat than it can produce
resulting in hypothermia (cognitive impairment, apathy,
unconsciousness and ultimately death)
Early sensation of dehydration - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Dry nasal
passage and prickly eyes
Hours of non-flying required after a blood donation -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>24 hours
Define (otic) Barotrauma - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Stretching of ear drum
due to uneven air pressures between middle ear and ambient. (NO!
Any pain caused due to pressure differential)
Effect of (otic) barotrauma - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Pressure vertigo of
ear/balance mechanism causing dizziness
What does the Valsave manoeuvre do? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Forces
air via Eustascian Tube into middle ear to increase pressure equal to
ambient
What are sinuses? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Cavities in the skull that are
lined with a mucus membrane that can swell to block venting.
Aggravated by pressure differential during descent.
,Litres of body fluids lost during a hot day - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>5
Effect of eating green vegetables prior to flight - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>Expansion/release of gases in digestive system due to low ambient
pressure
Alcohol consumed with food increases rate of alcohol absorption or
rate of alcohol removal? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Only increase alcohol
absorption. Rate of alcohol removal cannot be changed.
Percentage of alcohol break down in liver compared to other
mechanism (including respiration, expiration and urine). -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>90% in liver. 10% through respiration, expiration
and urine.
Standard drink units of alcohol metabolised per hour in an adult
male. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>1 standard drink.
Number of hours alcohol is present in brain after consumption. -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>24 hours.
Recommended maximum number of standard drinks 24 hours prior
to flight. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>1-2 standard drinks.
Maximum recommended standard drinks consumed a week for a
male and female. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>21-28 standard drinks for a
male and 14-21 standard drinks for a female.
, Definition of "analgesic" medication. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Painkiller
Definition of "antihistamine" medication. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Clears
up congestion.
Definition of "ephedrine" medication. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Nasal
sprays.
Definition of hyperventilation. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Excessive
breathing causing removal of too much carbon dioxide from blood.
Fraction of standard atmospheric pressure at 18000ft? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Half.
Air expands in cavities and vents into the nasal regions during a climb
or descent? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Climb.
When 30m (100ft) below water, how many times the standard
atmospheric pressure is experienced? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Twice.
Typical foods to avoid when flying due to bloating. -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Beer, cabbage and beans.
2025 – Civil Aviation Safety Authority
Air Transport Pilot Licence Aviation
Human Factors
BMI formula - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>weight (kg) / height (m^2)
Most common cause of pilot incapacitation - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>Food and drink poisoning
Most comfortable temperature range and relative humidity range -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>21-27 degrees C at 40-60% relative humidity
Definition of heat stress type 1 and remedy - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>Operating above 32 degs C best remedied by drinking water.
Definition of heat stress type 2 - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Too much sun
through sunbathing, inadequate protection or liquid intake
,Definition of heat stress type 3 - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Temperatures
below 10 degs C. Body loses more body heat than it can produce
resulting in hypothermia (cognitive impairment, apathy,
unconsciousness and ultimately death)
Early sensation of dehydration - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Dry nasal
passage and prickly eyes
Hours of non-flying required after a blood donation -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>24 hours
Define (otic) Barotrauma - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Stretching of ear drum
due to uneven air pressures between middle ear and ambient. (NO!
Any pain caused due to pressure differential)
Effect of (otic) barotrauma - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Pressure vertigo of
ear/balance mechanism causing dizziness
What does the Valsave manoeuvre do? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Forces
air via Eustascian Tube into middle ear to increase pressure equal to
ambient
What are sinuses? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Cavities in the skull that are
lined with a mucus membrane that can swell to block venting.
Aggravated by pressure differential during descent.
,Litres of body fluids lost during a hot day - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>5
Effect of eating green vegetables prior to flight - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>Expansion/release of gases in digestive system due to low ambient
pressure
Alcohol consumed with food increases rate of alcohol absorption or
rate of alcohol removal? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Only increase alcohol
absorption. Rate of alcohol removal cannot be changed.
Percentage of alcohol break down in liver compared to other
mechanism (including respiration, expiration and urine). -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>90% in liver. 10% through respiration, expiration
and urine.
Standard drink units of alcohol metabolised per hour in an adult
male. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>1 standard drink.
Number of hours alcohol is present in brain after consumption. -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>24 hours.
Recommended maximum number of standard drinks 24 hours prior
to flight. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>1-2 standard drinks.
Maximum recommended standard drinks consumed a week for a
male and female. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>21-28 standard drinks for a
male and 14-21 standard drinks for a female.
, Definition of "analgesic" medication. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Painkiller
Definition of "antihistamine" medication. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Clears
up congestion.
Definition of "ephedrine" medication. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Nasal
sprays.
Definition of hyperventilation. - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Excessive
breathing causing removal of too much carbon dioxide from blood.
Fraction of standard atmospheric pressure at 18000ft? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Half.
Air expands in cavities and vents into the nasal regions during a climb
or descent? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Climb.
When 30m (100ft) below water, how many times the standard
atmospheric pressure is experienced? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Twice.
Typical foods to avoid when flying due to bloating. -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Beer, cabbage and beans.
