1|Page
A&P 2 STRAIGHTERLINE FINAL EXAM ACTUAL 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS,ALREADY GRADED A+
1.
The heart plays a central role in maintaining circulation throughout the body.
Which chamber specifically receives deoxygenated blood returning from systemic veins
before it moves to the lungs for oxygenation?
Correct Answer: Right atrium
2.
During the cardiac cycle, valves ensure that blood flows in only one direction.
Which valve prevents the backflow of blood from the pulmonary trunk into the right
ventricle after ventricular contraction?
Correct Answer: Pulmonary semilunar valve
3.
In the circulatory system, exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes
must occur efficiently between the blood and body tissues.
Which type of blood vessel is structurally designed to allow this exchange through thin,
permeable walls?
Correct Answer: Capillaries
4.
The structure of blood vessel walls varies depending on their function and location.
Which blood vessels have the thickest tunica media layer, enabling them to regulate
blood pressure and control the distribution of blood through vasoconstriction and
vasodilation?
Correct Answer: Arteries
5.
The heart’s rhythm is initiated and maintained by specialized cells that generate and
conduct electrical impulses.
Which structure, located in the right atrium, normally functions as the heart’s natural
pacemaker by initiating each heartbeat?
Correct Answer: Sinoatrial (SA) node
,2|Page
6.
The cardiac conduction system ensures coordinated contraction of the atria and
ventricles for efficient pumping.
What is the correct sequence of electrical impulse transmission through the heart’s
conduction system?
Correct Answer: SA node → AV node → AV bundle → Bundle branches → Purkinje
fibers
7.
An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the electrical activity of the heart during each
cardiac cycle.
Which portion of the ECG corresponds to the depolarization of the ventricles, which
precedes ventricular contraction?
Correct Answer: QRS complex
8.
Blood pressure varies with each phase of the cardiac cycle and is commonly measured
using a sphygmomanometer.
Which component of blood pressure reflects the pressure in the arteries during the
contraction of the ventricles?
Correct Answer: Systolic blood pressure
9.
The flow of blood through vessels is influenced by multiple factors including viscosity,
vessel length, and radius.
According to Poiseuille’s Law, which of these factors has the greatest effect on
resistance to blood flow, often controlled by vasodilation or vasoconstriction?
Correct Answer: Vessel radius
10.
Blood pressure must be tightly regulated to ensure adequate perfusion of organs
without causing damage to blood vessels.
What effect does widespread vasodilation typically have on systemic blood pressure
and peripheral resistance?
Correct Answer: It decreases peripheral resistance and lowers blood pressure
11.
The respiratory tract is divided into upper and lower portions, each with specialized
structures.
, 3|Page
Which anatomical structure serves as the boundary between the upper and lower
respiratory tracts, playing a key role in voice production and airway protection?
Correct Answer: Larynx
12.
During quiet breathing, most of the work of inhalation is performed by one primary
muscle.
Which muscle contracts and moves downward to increase thoracic cavity volume,
allowing air to flow into the lungs?
Correct Answer: Diaphragm
13.
The process of external respiration involves the exchange of gases between the lungs
and the blood.
Where exactly in the respiratory system does this gas exchange take place, allowing
oxygen to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to leave?
Correct Answer: Alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
14.
The respiratory system must prevent food and liquid from entering the airways during
swallowing.
Which flexible structure acts like a “trapdoor,” covering the glottis and directing
swallowed substances into the esophagus rather than the trachea?
Correct Answer: Epiglottis
15.
Breathing rate and depth are regulated primarily to maintain proper levels of certain
gases in the blood.
Under normal conditions, which gas is the main driver that influences the rate of
ventilation through chemoreceptor activity?
Correct Answer: Carbon dioxide
16.
Inhalation involves changes in thoracic volume and pressure.
What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration, and how does this change facilitate
airflow into the lungs?
Correct Answer: It contracts and moves downward, decreasing intrapulmonary
pressure and allowing air in
17.
Oxygen must be transported from the lungs to tissues efficiently to sustain cellular
A&P 2 STRAIGHTERLINE FINAL EXAM ACTUAL 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS,ALREADY GRADED A+
1.
The heart plays a central role in maintaining circulation throughout the body.
Which chamber specifically receives deoxygenated blood returning from systemic veins
before it moves to the lungs for oxygenation?
Correct Answer: Right atrium
2.
During the cardiac cycle, valves ensure that blood flows in only one direction.
Which valve prevents the backflow of blood from the pulmonary trunk into the right
ventricle after ventricular contraction?
Correct Answer: Pulmonary semilunar valve
3.
In the circulatory system, exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes
must occur efficiently between the blood and body tissues.
Which type of blood vessel is structurally designed to allow this exchange through thin,
permeable walls?
Correct Answer: Capillaries
4.
The structure of blood vessel walls varies depending on their function and location.
Which blood vessels have the thickest tunica media layer, enabling them to regulate
blood pressure and control the distribution of blood through vasoconstriction and
vasodilation?
Correct Answer: Arteries
5.
The heart’s rhythm is initiated and maintained by specialized cells that generate and
conduct electrical impulses.
Which structure, located in the right atrium, normally functions as the heart’s natural
pacemaker by initiating each heartbeat?
Correct Answer: Sinoatrial (SA) node
,2|Page
6.
The cardiac conduction system ensures coordinated contraction of the atria and
ventricles for efficient pumping.
What is the correct sequence of electrical impulse transmission through the heart’s
conduction system?
Correct Answer: SA node → AV node → AV bundle → Bundle branches → Purkinje
fibers
7.
An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the electrical activity of the heart during each
cardiac cycle.
Which portion of the ECG corresponds to the depolarization of the ventricles, which
precedes ventricular contraction?
Correct Answer: QRS complex
8.
Blood pressure varies with each phase of the cardiac cycle and is commonly measured
using a sphygmomanometer.
Which component of blood pressure reflects the pressure in the arteries during the
contraction of the ventricles?
Correct Answer: Systolic blood pressure
9.
The flow of blood through vessels is influenced by multiple factors including viscosity,
vessel length, and radius.
According to Poiseuille’s Law, which of these factors has the greatest effect on
resistance to blood flow, often controlled by vasodilation or vasoconstriction?
Correct Answer: Vessel radius
10.
Blood pressure must be tightly regulated to ensure adequate perfusion of organs
without causing damage to blood vessels.
What effect does widespread vasodilation typically have on systemic blood pressure
and peripheral resistance?
Correct Answer: It decreases peripheral resistance and lowers blood pressure
11.
The respiratory tract is divided into upper and lower portions, each with specialized
structures.
, 3|Page
Which anatomical structure serves as the boundary between the upper and lower
respiratory tracts, playing a key role in voice production and airway protection?
Correct Answer: Larynx
12.
During quiet breathing, most of the work of inhalation is performed by one primary
muscle.
Which muscle contracts and moves downward to increase thoracic cavity volume,
allowing air to flow into the lungs?
Correct Answer: Diaphragm
13.
The process of external respiration involves the exchange of gases between the lungs
and the blood.
Where exactly in the respiratory system does this gas exchange take place, allowing
oxygen to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to leave?
Correct Answer: Alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
14.
The respiratory system must prevent food and liquid from entering the airways during
swallowing.
Which flexible structure acts like a “trapdoor,” covering the glottis and directing
swallowed substances into the esophagus rather than the trachea?
Correct Answer: Epiglottis
15.
Breathing rate and depth are regulated primarily to maintain proper levels of certain
gases in the blood.
Under normal conditions, which gas is the main driver that influences the rate of
ventilation through chemoreceptor activity?
Correct Answer: Carbon dioxide
16.
Inhalation involves changes in thoracic volume and pressure.
What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration, and how does this change facilitate
airflow into the lungs?
Correct Answer: It contracts and moves downward, decreasing intrapulmonary
pressure and allowing air in
17.
Oxygen must be transported from the lungs to tissues efficiently to sustain cellular
