Complete Test Bank Molecular Biology of the Cell 6th Edition Questions & Answers with rationales (Chapter 1-24)

Complete Test Bank Molecular Biology of the Cell 6th Edition Questions & Answers with rationales (Chapter 1-24) One method used to make transgenic mice would be to - ANSWER inject DNA containing the gene into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg. Expression of a human protein in a bacterial cell is best done with human - ANSWER cDNA in a bacterial expression vector. The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a good model system because it allowed researchers to - ANSWER follow the developmental lineage of all the cells found in an adult from a single fertilized egg cell microscopically To identify, in a sample, the protein against which you have an antibody, the best technique to use would be _______ blotting. - ANSWER Western The technique by which fragments of DNA are separated by gel electrophoresis, blotted on nitrocellulose paper, labeled with a complementary radioactive probe, and detected by autoradiography is called _______ blotting. - ANSWER Southern Which of the following is included in a plasmid vector to facilitate successful cloning? - ANSWER All of the Above (Origin of replication, gene conferring resistance to antibiotic, and restriction endonuclease sites) The method by which cell components are separated by centrifugation at progressively higher speeds is called _______ centrifugation. - ANSWER Differential Green fluorescent protein is commonly used to - ANSWER visualize the localization of proteins in living cells. DNA can be introduced into cells by - ANSWER All of the Above (microinjection into the nucleus of a cell, fusion of DNA-containing liposomes with cells, and electroporation of DNA into cells.) Which of the following correctly describes a cDNA molecule? - ANSWER A DNA copy of an RNA sequence synthesized by the enzyme reverse transcriptase Which of the following is NOT an advantage of next generation sequencing technology such as the Solexa Illumina or the 454 pyrosequencing system as compared to Sanger dideoxy sequencing? - ANSWER Next generation sequencing produces longer reads from each reaction (over 1000 base pairs) than one gets from a Sanger dideoxy sequencing reaction Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that - ANSWER cleave DNA only at specific sequences. CRISPR-Cas9 is being used by scientists - ANSWER to knock out or alter genes in chromosome of cells Which of the following is a method one could use to isolate and purify the mitochondria of cells away from other cell components? - ANSWER Density-gradient centrifugation Which of the following techniques can be used to identify proteins that interact with one another? - ANSWER yeast two-hybrid system The _______ technique would be used to compare expression of 10,000 genes in two different conditions (e.g., normal cells and cancer cells). - ANSWER DNA Microarray Which of the following is a method that could be used to isolate just white blood cells with CD4 proteins on their surface from all the other type of cells in a sample of blood? - ANSWER Flow cytometry and FACS analysis Which of the following correctly outlines the process of RNA interference beginning with a double-stranded RNA molecule? - ANSWER Cleavage by Dicer; association with RISC; pairing with target mRNA; mRNA cleavage You are conducting a microarray experiment and have labeled the cDNAs generated from cell line A1 with a red dye and the cDNA generated from cell line B2 with the green dye. For gene spot 45, you observe that the color was green, what does that mean? (modified sp 2018) - ANSWER The green fluorescence suggests reduced activity or downregulation of this gene in cell line B2. Active transport differs from facilitated diffusion in that - ANSWER active transport involves the transport of molecules up or against their concentration gradient. A feature common to almost all transmembrane proteins is - ANSWER a region of about at least 19 hydrophobic amino acids. Cholesterol affects the fluidity of membranes into which it inserts by - ANSWER decreasing membrane fluidity at high temperatures and increasing membrane fluidity at low temperatures. Coupled transport of glucose and Na+ into the intestinal epithelial cell is an example of - ANSWER symport Facilitated diffusion differs from passive diffusion in that facilitated diffusion is - ANSWER mediated by a protein carrier or channel. Fluidity of a membrane depends on the - ANSWER All of the Above (length of the phospholipid fatty acid chains, temperature, number of double bonds in the fatty acid chains) If concentration of sodium and potassium ions were at the following concentrations inside and outside a cell, how could the two molecules enter the cell? Sodium ion (Na+) - 10 mM inside, 150 mM outside Potassium ion (K+) - 140 mM inside, 5 mM outside - ANSWER Sodium ions could enter by facilitated diffusion while the potassium ions would need active transport to enter the cell Membrane proteins are able to move - ANSWER laterally within the plane of a membrane. Phospholipids in a membrane commonly - ANSWER Both A and B (move laterally in the plane of the bilayer, rotate within the bilayer) The role of double bonds in the fatty acid tails of membrane phospholipids is to - ANSWER increase membrane fluidity. What kind of molecules can readily cross the lipid bilayer? - ANSWER small, uncharged Where would glycolipids (phospholipids with an oligosaccharide attached) be found in cells? - ANSWER In the outer leaflet with the oligosaccharide sticking outside the cell Which of the following is true about the phospholipids one would observe in the membranes of an eukaryotic organism? - ANSWER The type of phospholipids found in the membrane of a cell would vary in the different cell types, in the membranes of the different organelles and in the two halves of each membrane in the different parts of the cell. Which of the following lists all the types of molecules that could be found in the plasma membrane of animal cells? - ANSWER Phospholipids, proteins, glycoproteins, glycolipids, cholesterol, sphingolipids Cytoplasmic organelles are ________ - ANSWER rare in prokaryotic cells and present in eukaryotic cells. Hydrogen bonding is frequently observed in which of the following? - ANSWER A, B and C (Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids) Hydrophobic interactions are important for which of the following? - ANSWER B and C (The folding of proteins, The formation of membranes) Lipids play a major role in cells as - ANSWER All of the above (components of cell membranes, part of the cell signaling function, a form of energy storage) Organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have originated in eukaryotic cells via a process called - ANSWER endosymbiosis Proteins are polymers of how many different amino acids? - ANSWER 20 RNA in cells can serve as a - ANSWER B and C (catalyst or enzyme, carrier of information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm) RNA is hypothesized to have been the genetic material of the original cell because - ANSWER RNA is capable of catalyzing some chemical reactions like self-replication The following molecule is a _______ and would be described as ______. [accompanied by image of a glucose molecule] - ANSWER monosaccharide, polar This molecule is a subunit that would usually be found in __________. [accompanied by an image of an amino acid, leucine] - ANSWER the interior of a folded protein Which of the following is a common feature of monosaccharides, polysaccharides and triacylglycerols (fats)? - ANSWER All can act as energy stores or energy sources Which of the following is a difference between glycogen and cellulose? - ANSWER α verse β bond linking sugars together Which of the following is a property of life that scientists agree viruses can fulfill? - ANSWER Ability to evolve Which of the following is best description of the molecule pictured below? [image of lipid with two hydrocarbon tails, and a phosphate group] - ANSWER One phospholipid Which of the following is found in all cells? - ANSWER Ribosomes Which of the following is NOT a difference between RNA and DNA? - ANSWER The linkage between the nucleotides in each Which of the following is NOT a property of water? - ANSWER Large uncharged molecules dissolve in it readily