PATH 1000 FINAL EXAM (FINAL EXAM 8-12) Exam
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Terms in this set (355)
What is pulmonary Type of disease that affects the lungs and other
disease? associated parts of the respiratory system.
Describe pulmonary Acute, obstructive, chronic or infectious/non-
disease infectious
Pulmonary disease can be True - the heart in particular
associated with other
organs - True or False
-Dyspnea
-Cough
-Sputum
Signs and symptoms of -Pain
pulmonary disease (8) -Cyanosis
-Clubbing
-Hemopysis
-Abnormal breathing patterns
Coughing up blood hemoptysis
What is kussmal increased respirations and tidal volumes
respiration?
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Alternating breathing cheyne-stokes
patterns of deep and
shallow breathing
What is hypoxemia reduced oxygenation of arterial blood
deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the
What is hypoxia?
tissues
Defined as inadequate gas exchange. Can result from
What happens in
injury to lungs, airway or chest wall or indirectly from
respiratory failure?
disease to other body systems
Results from fractures of ribs, which allow ribs to
What is flail chest?
move independently during respiration
-Pain in chest
-Tenderness
Clinical manifestations flail
-Difficulty breathing
chest? (5)
-Bruising and inflammation
-Paradoxical movement when breathing
What is primary occurs when a small air blister (bleb) on the top of the
(spontaneous) lung ruptures
pneumothorax?
What is secondary Caused by disease, trauma, injury, or condition
pneumothorax?
What causes iatrogenic transthoracic needle aspiration
pneumothorax?
When is the difference Open air pressure enters into pleural space during
between open and closed inspiration and exits during expiration. Closed air does
pneumothorax? not escape pleural space during expiration
Presence of fluid in plural pleural effusion
space
Collection of blood in the hemothorax
pleural space
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Presence of pus in the Empyema
plural space
what is a restrictive lung decrease compliance of the lung tissue
disorder
What is the impact from Individuals experience dyspnea, increased respiratory
restrictive lung disorders? rate, and decreased tidal volume
Passage of fluid and solid Aspiration
particles into the lung
-Sudden onset of choking
-Intractable cough
Clinical manifestations of
-fever
aspiration?
-dyspnea
-Wheezing
Collapse of lung tissue atelectasis
- Compression
What are the 3 types of
- Absorption
atelectasis?
- Surfactant
-Dyspnea
Clinical manifestations of -Fever
atelectasis? (4) -Cough
-Leukocytosis
persistant abnormal Bronchiectasis
dilation of the bronchi
clinical manifestations bronchiectasis
include: chronic
productive cough, a lot of
foul smelling sputum,
hemoptysis and clubbing
excessive amount of pulmonary fibrosis
fibrous or connective
tissue in the lungs
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caused by formation of scar tissue after active
Pathophysiology of pulmonary diseases, autoimmune disorders, arthritis,
pulmonary fibrosis or inhalation injuries - chronic inflammation leads to
fibrosis and marked loss of lung compliance
Can occur in otherwise bronchiolitis in adults
healthy individuals in
association with an upper
or lower respiratory tract
infection
excess water in the lungs pulmonary edema
causes of pulmonary left sided heart disease or capillary injury
edema
-Dyspnea
-Hypoxemia
clinical manifestations of
-increased work of breathing
pulmonary edema? (5)
-Crackles (rales)
-Dullness on percussion
depends on cause - left sided heart failure: diuretics,
Treatment for pulmonary
vasodilators and medications, capillary injury: maintain
edema
adequate ventilation and circulation
Represents a spectrum of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
acute lung inflammation
and defuse
alveolocapillary injury
-dyspnea
-hyperventilation
Clinical manifestations of -decreased perfusion
ARDS? (6) -organ dysfunction
-increased work of breathing
-decreased tidal volume
chronic lung disease causing narrowing and
What is asthma? inflammation of the airways particularly the bronchi
and bronchioles
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