NR507 Week 4-8 Exam Advanced Pathophysiology
Expected Questions and Answers
(Verified Answers) Chamberlain
1. Lower Urinary Tract Infections
A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes:
A. Fever
B. Urgency
C. Flank pain
D. Decreased Urination
Answer B. Urgency
Explanation: Urgency (a sudden, strong need to urinate) is a classic
symptom of cystitis, a lower urinary tract infection. Fever and flank pain ar
signs of an upper UTI (pyelonephritis), indicating the infection has reached
the kidneys. Decreased urination is not typical; patients with a UTI more
commonly experience frequency (urinating often but in small amounts).
2. Urinary Tract Infection
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148
,Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary trac
infection (UTI)?
A. Perimenopause
B. Frequent showering
C. Pregnancy
D. Marathon running
Answer C. Pregnancy
Explanation: Pregnancy is a significant risk factor due to physiological
changes. Progesterone causes relaxation of the ureters, and the enlarging
uterus can compress them, leading to urinary stasis. This allows bacteria t
multiply rather than being flushed out. While post-menopause is a major
risk factor (due to estrogen deficiency), perimenopause is less so. Frequen
showering is not a recognized risk factor, and while marathon running
might cause temporary irritation, it is not a primary risk factor like
pregnancy.
3. Complicated Urinary Tract Infections
Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract
infection?
A. Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
B. It is usually asymptomatic
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,C. Is associated with young adults
D. Bacteria is located mostly in the lower urinary tract
Answer A. Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
Explanation: A UTI is classified as "complicated" when it occurs in the
presence of an underlying condition that increases the risk of treatment
failure. Structural abnormalities (e.g., kidney stones, strictures, catheters)
are classic causes. Complicated UTIs are typically symptomatic and can
involve either the lower or upper tract. They are associated with individual
who have complicating factors (e.g., immunosuppression, diabetes,
advanced age), not generally with young, healthy adults who get
uncomplicated UTIs.
4. Urinary Tract Infections
Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of havin
a shorter urethra.
True
False
Answer True
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148
,Explanation: This statement is true. The female urethra is significantly
shorter (about 1.5 inches) than the male urethra (about 8 inches). This
shorter distance provides bacteria from the perineal area, particularly from
the gastrointestinal tract, easier access to the bladder.
5. Preventing UTIs
Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI?
A. Use spermicides during sexual intercourse
B. Taking more Vitamin D
C. Douching to prevent the growth of bacteria
D. Increase water consumption
Answer D. Increase water consumption
Explanation: Increasing water intake promotes frequent urination, which
mechanically flushes bacteria out of the urinary tract before they can
colonize. Spermicides can disrupt the normal vaginal flora and increase th
risk of UTIs. Douching is harmful as it disrupts the natural flora and can
push bacteria into the urethra. While Vitamin D is important for health, it is
not a recognized primary strategy for UTI prevention.
4/
148
Expected Questions and Answers
(Verified Answers) Chamberlain
1. Lower Urinary Tract Infections
A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes:
A. Fever
B. Urgency
C. Flank pain
D. Decreased Urination
Answer B. Urgency
Explanation: Urgency (a sudden, strong need to urinate) is a classic
symptom of cystitis, a lower urinary tract infection. Fever and flank pain ar
signs of an upper UTI (pyelonephritis), indicating the infection has reached
the kidneys. Decreased urination is not typical; patients with a UTI more
commonly experience frequency (urinating often but in small amounts).
2. Urinary Tract Infection
1/
148
,Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary trac
infection (UTI)?
A. Perimenopause
B. Frequent showering
C. Pregnancy
D. Marathon running
Answer C. Pregnancy
Explanation: Pregnancy is a significant risk factor due to physiological
changes. Progesterone causes relaxation of the ureters, and the enlarging
uterus can compress them, leading to urinary stasis. This allows bacteria t
multiply rather than being flushed out. While post-menopause is a major
risk factor (due to estrogen deficiency), perimenopause is less so. Frequen
showering is not a recognized risk factor, and while marathon running
might cause temporary irritation, it is not a primary risk factor like
pregnancy.
3. Complicated Urinary Tract Infections
Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract
infection?
A. Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
B. It is usually asymptomatic
2/
148
,C. Is associated with young adults
D. Bacteria is located mostly in the lower urinary tract
Answer A. Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
Explanation: A UTI is classified as "complicated" when it occurs in the
presence of an underlying condition that increases the risk of treatment
failure. Structural abnormalities (e.g., kidney stones, strictures, catheters)
are classic causes. Complicated UTIs are typically symptomatic and can
involve either the lower or upper tract. They are associated with individual
who have complicating factors (e.g., immunosuppression, diabetes,
advanced age), not generally with young, healthy adults who get
uncomplicated UTIs.
4. Urinary Tract Infections
Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of havin
a shorter urethra.
True
False
Answer True
3/
148
,Explanation: This statement is true. The female urethra is significantly
shorter (about 1.5 inches) than the male urethra (about 8 inches). This
shorter distance provides bacteria from the perineal area, particularly from
the gastrointestinal tract, easier access to the bladder.
5. Preventing UTIs
Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI?
A. Use spermicides during sexual intercourse
B. Taking more Vitamin D
C. Douching to prevent the growth of bacteria
D. Increase water consumption
Answer D. Increase water consumption
Explanation: Increasing water intake promotes frequent urination, which
mechanically flushes bacteria out of the urinary tract before they can
colonize. Spermicides can disrupt the normal vaginal flora and increase th
risk of UTIs. Douching is harmful as it disrupts the natural flora and can
push bacteria into the urethra. While Vitamin D is important for health, it is
not a recognized primary strategy for UTI prevention.
4/
148
