HESI PEDIATRIC EXAM
"A mother tells the nurse that her child does not want anything to do with toilet
training and yells "NO!" consistently when she tries to toilet train. The child is 2
years old. According to Erikson, the nurse interprets that the child is experiencing
which psychosocial crisis?"
a. autonomy vs shame and doubt
b. initiative vs guilt
c. industry vs inferiority
d. trust vs mistrust
PR
(ANS- Autonomy vs shame and doubt
A 2-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
(JRA). During the focused assessment, the nurse makes it a priority to note the
presence of which of the following?"
O
a. increased irritability and the child's insistence to be carried out
b. complaints of joint stiffness
FD
c. history of daily temperature elevations
d. description of how difficult it is to move around after periods of inactivity
(ANS- increased irritability and the child's insistence to be carried out
O
A mother of a toddler who is hospitalized with mild dehydration must leave her
child to go to work. Which behavior would the nurse expect to observe in the
C
toddler immediately after the mother's departure?
a. silently curled in bed with a blanket
b. loudly crying and kicking both legs
c. playing quietly with a favorite toy
d. sucking thumb and rocking back and forth
(ANS- loudly crying and kicking both legs
"A newborn infant is diagnosed with hypospadias, and the mother asks the nurse
about the disorder. The nurse bases the response on which of the following?"
a. it is a congenital anomaly in which the actual opening of the urethra meatus is
below the normal placement on the glans penis
,b. it occurs when one or both testes fail to descend through the inguinal canal into
the scrotal sac
c. it is a congenital anomaly in which the actual opening of the urethral meatus is
dorsal to the urethral opening
d. it is a congential anomaly characterized by the extrusion of the urinary bladder
to the outside of the body
(ANS- it is a congenital anomaly in which the actual opening of the urethra
meatus is below the normal placement on the glans penis
A home care nurse is providing instructions to a child with cystic fibrosis about
how to perform the "huff" maneuver; the child asks the nurse about the purpose of
PR
this type of breathing. The nurse makes which response to the child?
a. "this type of breathing is used to mobilize secretions so that they can be easily
coughed out"
b. "this type of breathing prolongs inspiration time"
c. "this type of breathing moves air out of the lower lungs"
O
d. "this type of breathing moves air through the lungs"
(ANS- "this type of breathing is used to mobilize secretions so that they can be
FD
easily coughed out"
A home care nurse is instructing the mother of a child with cystic fibrosis (CF)
about the appropriate dietary measures. The nurse tells the mother that the child
O
needs to consume a:
a. low calorie, low fat diet
C
b. high calorie, high protein diet
c. low calorie, low protein diet
d. high calorie, restricted fat
(ANS- high calorie, high protein diet
Breathing exercises and postural drainage is prescribed for a child with cystic
fibrosis. A nurse implements these procedures by telling the child to:
a. perform the postural drainage, then the breathing exercises
b. perform the breathing exercises, then the postural drainage
c. schedule the procedures so they are 4 hours apart
,d. perform postural drainage in the morning and breathing exercises in the evening
(ANS- perform the postural drainage, then the breathing exercises
A nurse is reviewing the results of a sweat test performed on a child with cystic
fibrosis (CF). The nurse would expect to note which finding?
a. a sweat sodium concentration less than 40 mEq/L
b. a sweat potassium concentration less than 40 mEq/L
c. a sweat potassium concentration greater than 40 mEq/L
d. a sweat sodium concentration greater than 60 mEq/L
(ANS- a sweat sodium concentration greater than 60 mEq/L
PR
Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is prescribed for a child with a diagnosis of attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The nurse provides instructions to the
mother regarding the administration of the medication and tells the mother to
administer the medication:
a. before dinner and at bedtime
O
b. before breakfast and before the noontime meal
c. in the morning after breakfast and at bedtime
FD
d. at the noontime and evening meals
(ANS- before breakfast and before the noontime meal
"Methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin) is prescribed for a 10-year-old child
O
diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and the nurse provides
instructions to the mother about administration of the medication. The nurse
C
determines that the mother understands the instructions when the mother states:"
a. I will give my child the medication at bedtime so that he will be rested and alert
for school the next day
b. I will give my child the medication after meals to obtain the full effects of the
medication
c. I will give my child the medication at breakfast and lunch to prevent insomnia
d. I will give my child the medication with water to prevent kidney damage
(ANS- I will give my child the medication at breakfast and lunch to prevent
insomnia
, Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is prescribed for a child with attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The nurse provides instructions to the mother
regarding the administration of the medication. Which statement by the mother
would indicate a need for further instructions?
a. I will administer the medication with the noontime meal
b. I will keep the medication tightly capped and away from direct heat
c. I should inform the school nurse that my child is taking this medication
d. I should avoid giving the medications on Saturdays and Sundays to provide a
medication holiday
(ANS- I should avoid giving the medications on Saturdays and Sundays to provide
a medication holiday
PR
A client with diplopia has been given an eye patch to promote better vision and
prevent injury. The nurse teaches the client to do which of the following as part of
correct use of this item?
a. wear the patch continuously, alternating eyes each day
O
b. wear the patch continuously, alternating eyes each week
c. use the patch only when vision is exceptionally blurry
FD
d. put the patch on for an hour, and then take it off for an hour
(ANS- wear the patch continuously, alternating eyes each day
A student nurse examines an Asian American infant's eyes and notes that the
O
infant's eyes are crossed. The registered nurse asks the student to interpret the
finding. Which statement by the student indicates an understanding of this
C
assessment finding?
a. it probably isn't strabismus but appears that way because of the child;s ethnic
background
b. you will want to call the pediatrician immediately because this could lead to
detached retina
c. it probably is strabismus because the baby's mother has abused tranquilizers
d. strabismus isn't life threatening but it requires surgery in the first 2 months to
prevent the crossed eyes from being a life long condition
(ANS- it probably isn't strabismus but appears that way because of the child;s
ethnic background
"A mother tells the nurse that her child does not want anything to do with toilet
training and yells "NO!" consistently when she tries to toilet train. The child is 2
years old. According to Erikson, the nurse interprets that the child is experiencing
which psychosocial crisis?"
a. autonomy vs shame and doubt
b. initiative vs guilt
c. industry vs inferiority
d. trust vs mistrust
PR
(ANS- Autonomy vs shame and doubt
A 2-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
(JRA). During the focused assessment, the nurse makes it a priority to note the
presence of which of the following?"
O
a. increased irritability and the child's insistence to be carried out
b. complaints of joint stiffness
FD
c. history of daily temperature elevations
d. description of how difficult it is to move around after periods of inactivity
(ANS- increased irritability and the child's insistence to be carried out
O
A mother of a toddler who is hospitalized with mild dehydration must leave her
child to go to work. Which behavior would the nurse expect to observe in the
C
toddler immediately after the mother's departure?
a. silently curled in bed with a blanket
b. loudly crying and kicking both legs
c. playing quietly with a favorite toy
d. sucking thumb and rocking back and forth
(ANS- loudly crying and kicking both legs
"A newborn infant is diagnosed with hypospadias, and the mother asks the nurse
about the disorder. The nurse bases the response on which of the following?"
a. it is a congenital anomaly in which the actual opening of the urethra meatus is
below the normal placement on the glans penis
,b. it occurs when one or both testes fail to descend through the inguinal canal into
the scrotal sac
c. it is a congenital anomaly in which the actual opening of the urethral meatus is
dorsal to the urethral opening
d. it is a congential anomaly characterized by the extrusion of the urinary bladder
to the outside of the body
(ANS- it is a congenital anomaly in which the actual opening of the urethra
meatus is below the normal placement on the glans penis
A home care nurse is providing instructions to a child with cystic fibrosis about
how to perform the "huff" maneuver; the child asks the nurse about the purpose of
PR
this type of breathing. The nurse makes which response to the child?
a. "this type of breathing is used to mobilize secretions so that they can be easily
coughed out"
b. "this type of breathing prolongs inspiration time"
c. "this type of breathing moves air out of the lower lungs"
O
d. "this type of breathing moves air through the lungs"
(ANS- "this type of breathing is used to mobilize secretions so that they can be
FD
easily coughed out"
A home care nurse is instructing the mother of a child with cystic fibrosis (CF)
about the appropriate dietary measures. The nurse tells the mother that the child
O
needs to consume a:
a. low calorie, low fat diet
C
b. high calorie, high protein diet
c. low calorie, low protein diet
d. high calorie, restricted fat
(ANS- high calorie, high protein diet
Breathing exercises and postural drainage is prescribed for a child with cystic
fibrosis. A nurse implements these procedures by telling the child to:
a. perform the postural drainage, then the breathing exercises
b. perform the breathing exercises, then the postural drainage
c. schedule the procedures so they are 4 hours apart
,d. perform postural drainage in the morning and breathing exercises in the evening
(ANS- perform the postural drainage, then the breathing exercises
A nurse is reviewing the results of a sweat test performed on a child with cystic
fibrosis (CF). The nurse would expect to note which finding?
a. a sweat sodium concentration less than 40 mEq/L
b. a sweat potassium concentration less than 40 mEq/L
c. a sweat potassium concentration greater than 40 mEq/L
d. a sweat sodium concentration greater than 60 mEq/L
(ANS- a sweat sodium concentration greater than 60 mEq/L
PR
Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is prescribed for a child with a diagnosis of attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The nurse provides instructions to the
mother regarding the administration of the medication and tells the mother to
administer the medication:
a. before dinner and at bedtime
O
b. before breakfast and before the noontime meal
c. in the morning after breakfast and at bedtime
FD
d. at the noontime and evening meals
(ANS- before breakfast and before the noontime meal
"Methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin) is prescribed for a 10-year-old child
O
diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and the nurse provides
instructions to the mother about administration of the medication. The nurse
C
determines that the mother understands the instructions when the mother states:"
a. I will give my child the medication at bedtime so that he will be rested and alert
for school the next day
b. I will give my child the medication after meals to obtain the full effects of the
medication
c. I will give my child the medication at breakfast and lunch to prevent insomnia
d. I will give my child the medication with water to prevent kidney damage
(ANS- I will give my child the medication at breakfast and lunch to prevent
insomnia
, Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is prescribed for a child with attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The nurse provides instructions to the mother
regarding the administration of the medication. Which statement by the mother
would indicate a need for further instructions?
a. I will administer the medication with the noontime meal
b. I will keep the medication tightly capped and away from direct heat
c. I should inform the school nurse that my child is taking this medication
d. I should avoid giving the medications on Saturdays and Sundays to provide a
medication holiday
(ANS- I should avoid giving the medications on Saturdays and Sundays to provide
a medication holiday
PR
A client with diplopia has been given an eye patch to promote better vision and
prevent injury. The nurse teaches the client to do which of the following as part of
correct use of this item?
a. wear the patch continuously, alternating eyes each day
O
b. wear the patch continuously, alternating eyes each week
c. use the patch only when vision is exceptionally blurry
FD
d. put the patch on for an hour, and then take it off for an hour
(ANS- wear the patch continuously, alternating eyes each day
A student nurse examines an Asian American infant's eyes and notes that the
O
infant's eyes are crossed. The registered nurse asks the student to interpret the
finding. Which statement by the student indicates an understanding of this
C
assessment finding?
a. it probably isn't strabismus but appears that way because of the child;s ethnic
background
b. you will want to call the pediatrician immediately because this could lead to
detached retina
c. it probably is strabismus because the baby's mother has abused tranquilizers
d. strabismus isn't life threatening but it requires surgery in the first 2 months to
prevent the crossed eyes from being a life long condition
(ANS- it probably isn't strabismus but appears that way because of the child;s
ethnic background
