AAMC FL 1 Bio FINAL EXAM REVIEW WITH EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT SOLUTIONS UPDATED 2025/2026 ALREADY GRADED!!100% GUARANTEED PASS!!!<<BRAND NEW VERSION>>

AAMC FL 1 Bio FINAL EXAM REVIEW WITH EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT SOLUTIONS UPDATED 2025/2026 ALREADY GRADED!!100% GUARANTEED PASS!!!&lt;&lt;BRAND NEW VERSION&gt;&gt; Despite the effects of diabetes, the brains of diabetic patients still receive adequate nourishment. This is most likely because the brain uses: A.less glucose than do other body tissues. B.insulin-independent transporters for the uptake of glucose. C.fatty acids for energy instead of glucose. D.insulin-dependent transporters for the uptake of glucose. - ANSWER This is a Biology question that falls under the content category "Structure and functions of the nervous and endocrine systems and ways in which these systems coordinate the organ systems." The answer to this question is B because glucose is the main fuel for brain cells, and since the brains of diabetic patients receive an adequate amount of glucose, the brain must use an insulin-independent mechanism for glucose uptake This is a Scientific Reasoning and Problem Solving question because you are asked to evaluate proposed options to correctly answer this question. Based on the passage, which of the following is LEAST likely to be a symptom of diabetes mellitus? A.Loss of appetite B.Sweet-tasting urine C.Unexplained weight loss D.Feelings of fatigue - ANSWER Solution: The correct answer is A. This is a Biology question that falls under the content category "Principles of bioenergetics and fuel molecule metabolism." The answer to this question is A, because based on the passage, the symptoms of diabetes mellitus are frequent urination and catabolism of fatty acid as well as proteins as alternative energy sources. In diabetic patients, high blood glucose results in excretion of excess sugar into the urine, hence sweet-tasting urine. Similarly, the catabolism of fatty acids and proteins results in weight loss and feelings of fatigue respectively. This leaves loss of appetite as the only correct answer. This is a Scientific Reasoning and Problem Solving question because you are asked to evaluate the information from the passage and identify possible symptoms of diabetes mellitus. A certain bacterium was cultured for several generations in medium containing 15N, transferred to medium containing 14N, and allowed to complete two rounds of cell division. Given that the bacterium's genome mass is 5.4 fg when grown in 14N media and 5.5 fg when grown in 15N medium, individual bacteria with which of the following genome masses would most likely be isolated from this culture? A.5.4 fg only B.5.4 fg and 5.45 fg C.5.4 fg and 5.5 fg D.5.45 fg only - ANSWER Solution: The correct answer is B. This is a Biology question that falls under the content category "The structure, growth, physiology, and genetics of prokaryotes and viruses." The answer to this question is B because DNA replication is semi-conservative. Therefore, after the first round of cell division the genome mass in each bacterium will be 5.45 fg (one DNA strand will contain 15N and the other strand 14N). Following the second round of cell division, half of the bacteria will have a genome mass of 5.4 fg (14N exclusively) and the other half a mass genome of 5.45 fg (14N in one DNA strand and 15N in the other). This is a Scientific Reasoning and Problem Solving question because you need to work with the scientific model of DNA replication. Assume that K and M are two unlinked genes that affect hearing. The dominant K allele is necessary for hearing, and the dominant M allele causes deafness regardless of the other genes present. Given this, what fraction of the offspring of parents with the genotypes KkMm and Kkmm will most likely be deaf? A.1/4 B.3/8 C.1/2 D.5/8 - ANSWER Solution: The correct answer is D. This is a Biology question that falls under the content category "Transmission of heritable information from generation to generation and the processes that increase genetic diversity." The answer to this question is D, because among the offspring of KkMm and Kkmm parents, the ones who lack a dominant K allele (necessary for hearing), or carry a dominant M allele (causes deafness) are deaf. Based on the Punnett square analysis, 10 out of 16 or 5/8 of all offspring are likely to be deaf. This is Scientific Reasoning and Problem Solving question because it requires you to calculate the number of offspring with a particular phenotype from a parental cross. An RNA molecule has 1500 bases. What is the maximum number of amino acids it can encode? A.500 B.1000 C.1500 D.4500 - ANSWER Solution: The correct answer is A. This is a Biology question that falls under the content category "Transmission of genetic information from the gene to the protein." The answer to this question is A because each amino acid is encoded by three bases, so 1500/3 is 500, which is the maximum of amino acids the RNA molecule can encode. This is a Knowledge of Scientific Concepts and Principles because it addresses basic concepts of gene to protein knowledge. Based on the data presented in the passage, which statement best describes the HSP110ΔE9 allele? A.Cancer-promoting and dominant to HSP110WT B.Cancer-promoting and recessive to HSP110WT C.Cancer-suppressing and dominant to HSP110WT D.Cancer-suppressing and recessive to HSP110WT - ANSWER Solution: The correct answer is C. This is a Biology question that falls under the content category "Transmission of genetic information from the gene to the protein." The answer to this question is C. According to Figure 1, as compared to HSP110WT, HSP110ΔE9 slows tumor growth, and thus, it is cancer-suppressing. According to the data in Table 2, HSP110ΔE9 counteracts the ability of HSP110WT to prevent protein aggregation and prevent apoptosis; thus, the HSP110ΔE9 allele is dominant to the HSP110WT allele. This is a Data-based and Statistical Reasoning question as it required interpretation of data in Figure 1 and Table 2. Cancer causes rapid cell division, usually with some broken DNA repair machinery. This causes tons of mutations within the genome. This is likely how HSP110 gets mutated in the first place. There is probably a more complicated mechanism behind this, but we don't get that information from the passage. Normal HSP110 in a healthy cell helps protein folding. This helps the cell grow and divide, among other things. Cancer cells want to grow and divide, so they like to have normal HSP110. Unfortunately for them, they have a mutated HSP110 that makes it harder for proteins to properly fold. This makes it harder for cancer cells to grow and divide, even killing some of the cancerous cells, which leads to a smaller tumor volume in mutated HSP110. In this sense, HSP110 is a safeguard against cancer. It helps cells function normally. When HSP110 gets mutated (like in cancer), then it won't function properly and sometimes lead to cell death, or at least stunting growth. Dominant because Xx and XX have basically the same effect Based on the passage, in MSI CRC primary tumor cells, the size of the deletion in the HSP110 T17 microsatellite is inversely correlated with: A.the amount of HSP110ΔE9 protein expressed. B.the number of mature HSP110WT transcripts synthesized. C.the frequency of the omission of HSP110 Exon 9 during splicing. D.the extent of premature translation termination in Exon 10. - ANSWER Solution: The correct answer is B. This is a Biology question that falls under the content category "Transmission of genetic information from the gene to the protein." The answer to this question is B. According to Table 1, as the size of the deletion increases, the amount of HSP110ΔE9 and HSP110WT transcripts synthesized increase and decrease, respectively. This is an inverse relationship. This is a Data-based and Statistical Reasoning question as it required interpretation of data in Table 1. A man with a CRC mutation that results in the synthesis of HSP110ΔE9 and a woman that does not carry this mutation in any of her tissues have a child. What is the percent chance that the child will inherit the CRC mutation? A.0% B.25% C.50% D.100% - ANSWER Solution: The correct answer is A. This is a Biology question that falls under the content category "Transmission of heritable information from generation to generation and the processes that increase genetic diversity." The answer to this question is A. According to the passage, HSP110ΔE9 transcripts are not present in noncancerous tissue of people with MSI CRC. This means that the deletion mutation in the HSP110 T17 microsatellite is a somatic, not germ line, mutation. Therefore, the mutation will not be inherited, and the percent chance that the child of a person with this mutation will inherit it is 0%. This is Scientific Reasoning and Problem Solving question because it asks you to predict the heritability of the mutation described in the passage.