,CHAPTER 1: Psychology Is a Way of Thinking
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 2X
Learning Objective 1.1: Articulate how the roles of consumers and producers of psychological research
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
are similar and how they differ.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.2: Explain how theories and data interact to form empirical inquiry.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.3: Identify examples of basic and applied research and describe the interactions b
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
etween the two kinds of research.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.4: Describe the role of the peer-review process in science.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.5: Give examples of ways that researchers dig deeper by doing more than just on
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
e study on a research question.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.6: Describe the differences between empirical journals and popular journalism; des
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
cribe the goals of each format and give examples of ways that journalists can write better stories about
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
scientific news. 2x
MULTIPLE CHOICE 2X
1. Which of the following is an example of being a producer of research?
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
a. Administering an anxiety questionnaire 2x 2x 2x
b. Applying a new therapy technique 2x 2x 2x 2x
c. Writing an opinion article about a psychological study
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
d. Undergoing a brain scan 2x 2x 2x
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 2x
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Producer Role Is Important OBJ:
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.1 2x 2x
MSC: Understanding
2. Which of the following is an example of being a consumer of research?
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
a. Administering a questionnaire of PTSD symptoms 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
b. Consenting to participate in a research study 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
c. Attending a psychological conference 2x 2x 2x
d. Measuring dopamine levels in patients with schizophrenia
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 2x
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.1 2x 2x
MSC: Applying
,3.
Students who are interested in being consumers of, but not producers of, research might choose
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
which of the following professions?
2x 2x 2x 2x
a. A clinical psychologist
2x 2x
b. An intervention program evaluator
2x 2x 2x
c. A political pollster
2x 2x
d. An advertising executive
2x 2x
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 2x
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.1 2x 2x
MSC: Analyzing
4.
Dr. Smitherman insists that all his research assistants know how to be producers of research. All o
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
f the following relate to this requirement EXCEPT:
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
a. He wants to make sure they understand how to write in APA style.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
b. He wants to make sure they understand why anonymity is important.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
c. He wants to make sure they understand how to interpret study results and graphs.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
d. He wants to make sure they have previously been participants in research studies.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 2x
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.1 2x 2x
MSC: Understanding
5.
Elliott is double majoring in English and psychology. He plans on being a high school English teac
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
her and is only majoring in psychology because he finds the classes interesting. Which of the followi
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
ng is an important reason for him to be a good consumer of research?
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
a. His psychology advisor may ask for his help in copy-editing a research article.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
b. He will likely need to be a participant in research studies as part of his psychology major.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
c. He will probably want to read research related to enhancing his teaching.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
d. He will have to produce research before he can consume it.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 2x
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.1 2x 2x
MSC: Applying
6. In the theory-data cycle, theories first lead to
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
.
a. questions
b. answers
, c. data
d. research
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 2x
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.2 2x 2x
MSC: Understanding
7. Another word for hypothesis is a(n)
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 2x
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.2 2x 2x
MSC: Remembering
8. Another word for data is a(n) 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 2x
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.2 2x 2x
MSC: Remembering
9.
RESEARCH STUDY 1.1: Deci and Ryan (1985, 2001) have proposed that there are three fundam
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
ental needs that are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and compete
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
nce. Susan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
and more satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related an
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
d competent do feel happier but that feeling more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thin
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
ks that maybe autonomy is only necessary when people are in situations in which they are not being
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
evaluated.
2x
Deci and Ryan‘s general statement of how the three needs are related to growth and fulfillment is
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
an example of which of the following?
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
a. A theory 2x
b. A hypothesis 2x
c. Data
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 2X
Learning Objective 1.1: Articulate how the roles of consumers and producers of psychological research
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
are similar and how they differ.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.2: Explain how theories and data interact to form empirical inquiry.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.3: Identify examples of basic and applied research and describe the interactions b
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
etween the two kinds of research.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.4: Describe the role of the peer-review process in science.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.5: Give examples of ways that researchers dig deeper by doing more than just on
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
e study on a research question.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.6: Describe the differences between empirical journals and popular journalism; des
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
cribe the goals of each format and give examples of ways that journalists can write better stories about
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
scientific news. 2x
MULTIPLE CHOICE 2X
1. Which of the following is an example of being a producer of research?
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
a. Administering an anxiety questionnaire 2x 2x 2x
b. Applying a new therapy technique 2x 2x 2x 2x
c. Writing an opinion article about a psychological study
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
d. Undergoing a brain scan 2x 2x 2x
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 2x
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Producer Role Is Important OBJ:
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.1 2x 2x
MSC: Understanding
2. Which of the following is an example of being a consumer of research?
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
a. Administering a questionnaire of PTSD symptoms 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
b. Consenting to participate in a research study 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
c. Attending a psychological conference 2x 2x 2x
d. Measuring dopamine levels in patients with schizophrenia
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 2x
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.1 2x 2x
MSC: Applying
,3.
Students who are interested in being consumers of, but not producers of, research might choose
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
which of the following professions?
2x 2x 2x 2x
a. A clinical psychologist
2x 2x
b. An intervention program evaluator
2x 2x 2x
c. A political pollster
2x 2x
d. An advertising executive
2x 2x
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 2x
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.1 2x 2x
MSC: Analyzing
4.
Dr. Smitherman insists that all his research assistants know how to be producers of research. All o
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
f the following relate to this requirement EXCEPT:
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
a. He wants to make sure they understand how to write in APA style.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
b. He wants to make sure they understand why anonymity is important.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
c. He wants to make sure they understand how to interpret study results and graphs.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
d. He wants to make sure they have previously been participants in research studies.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 2x
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.1 2x 2x
MSC: Understanding
5.
Elliott is double majoring in English and psychology. He plans on being a high school English teac
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
her and is only majoring in psychology because he finds the classes interesting. Which of the followi
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
ng is an important reason for him to be a good consumer of research?
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
a. His psychology advisor may ask for his help in copy-editing a research article.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
b. He will likely need to be a participant in research studies as part of his psychology major.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
c. He will probably want to read research related to enhancing his teaching.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
d. He will have to produce research before he can consume it.
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 2x
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.1 2x 2x
MSC: Applying
6. In the theory-data cycle, theories first lead to
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
.
a. questions
b. answers
, c. data
d. research
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 2x
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.2 2x 2x
MSC: Understanding
7. Another word for hypothesis is a(n)
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 2x
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.2 2x 2x
MSC: Remembering
8. Another word for data is a(n) 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 2x
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
Learning Objective 1.2 2x 2x
MSC: Remembering
9.
RESEARCH STUDY 1.1: Deci and Ryan (1985, 2001) have proposed that there are three fundam
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
ental needs that are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and compete
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
nce. Susan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
and more satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related an
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
d competent do feel happier but that feeling more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thin
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
ks that maybe autonomy is only necessary when people are in situations in which they are not being
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
evaluated.
2x
Deci and Ryan‘s general statement of how the three needs are related to growth and fulfillment is
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
an example of which of the following?
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
a. A theory 2x
b. A hypothesis 2x
c. Data
