Florida Cosmetology Clinical Exam Actual Questions and Correct Detailed Answers 2025

Florida Cosmetology Clinical Exam Actual Questions and Correct Detailed Answers 2025 Base placement - -Refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section; base is determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped. On base placement - -Base control in which the hair is wrapped at a 45-degree angle beyond perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned on its base. (greater volume) Half of base placement - -hair is wrapped at a 90° perpendicular to its base section rod is positioned half off its base section minimize stress and tension on hair Off-base placement - -Base control in which the hair is wrapped at 45 degrees below the center of the base section, so the rod is positioned completely off its base. (least volume) Base direction - -Angle at which the rod is positioned on the head (horizontally, vertically, or diagonally); also, the directional pattern in which the hair is wrapped. Base sections - -Subsections of panels into which hair is divided for perm wrapping; one rod is normally placed on each base section. Base - -foundation of curl . Area closest to the scalp panel of hair which roller is placed Stem - -between the base and first arch (turn) gives curl definition and mobility hair between scalp and the first turn of the roller Circle - -forms a complete circle the wave size of a curl will determine width/wave and strength No stem curl - -(Betty boo) on base of curly , tight firm long lasting minimum mobility Half stem curl - -Curl placed half off the base; permits medium movement and gives good control to the hair. Full stem movement - -greatest mobility placed completely of base near scalp will be flat and almost straight give hair strong define direction Cosmetology Cosmetology Exothermic - -produces heat (alkaline) heats up waving solution Endothermic - -Absorbs/require heat (acid) use hooded dryer (less damaging) Ammonia-free waves - -Perms that use an ingredient that does not evaporate as readily as ammonia, so there is very little odor associated with their use. Thio-free waves - -Perm that uses an ingredient other than ATG as the primary reducing agent, such as cysteamine or mercaptamine. (Still damaging ) Low-ph waves - -Perms that use sulfates, sulfites, and bisulfites as an alternative to ammonium thioglycolate (atg) they have a low ph. Weak don't provide strong curl Hair density - -The number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch of scalp. Hair porosity - -The ability of the hair to absorb moisture Hair elasticity - -The ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original length Low porosity - -When the cuticle is tight and the hair is resistant, it is difficult for moisture or chemicals to penetrate. What term describes this condition? High porosity - -When the cuticle is lifted and the hair is overly porous and takes color quickly the hair would be said to have Average porosity - -The cuticle is slightly raised. The hair is normal and processes in an average amount of time. (Normal) Curl rearranger - -reduces peptide bonds so hair can relax and become straight; thio based product (Thio based) (atg) Curl booster - -assists hair to assume new shape of rod when wrapping hair in perm rods; milder form of thio Curl activator - -Helps new curl configurations retain their shape and provides moisture; applied frequently after every shampoo Instant Moisturizer - -Helps replace natural moisture and oils lost during chemical processes How many steps are in curl reformation - -2 steps How many times do you unwind a curl for a curl test - -1/1.2 Exterior length - -Bottom Cosmetology Cosmetology Interior length - -On top Volume indentation - -Brush is positioned underneath Indentation - -Brush is positioned on top of hair strand Resistant porosity - -The cuticle layers are smooth, tightly packed and compact. Average porosity - -Cuticle is slightly raised Extreme porosity - -The cuticle is lifted or missing Overprossed hair - -Curlier at the scalp and straighter at the ends Underprocessed Hair - -HAIR STRAIGHT AT SCALP AND CURLY AT ENDS Sodium Hydroxide is - -Alkaline Sodium hydroxide oils applied to - -Tightly curled hair Sodium hydroxide ph - -11.5-14 Metallic Salts Test - -1oz 20-volume peroxide, 20 drops 28% ammonia, immerse 20 hair strands for 30 minutes. If hair lightens rapidly it has metallic salts Thioglycolic acid - -A colorless liquid with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions. Common reducing agent Ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) - -Active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanents. Alkaline waves - -also known as cold waves; have a ph between 9.0 and 9.6, use ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) as the reducing agent, and process at room temperature without the addition of heat True acid waves - -Have a ph between 4.5 and 7.0 and require heat to process; they process more slowly than alkaline waves, and do not usually produce as firm a curl as alkaline waves. Acid-balanced waves - -Permanent waves that have a 7.0 or neutral ph; because of their higher ph, they process at room temperature, do not require the added heat of a hair dryer, process more quickly, and produce firmer curls than true acid waves. Glyceryl monothioglycolate (GMTG) - -main active ingredient in true acid and acid balanced waving lotions Cosmetology Aminomethylpropanol ( AMP) and Monoethanolamine (MEA) - -Two substitutes for ammonia in an ammonia-free wave Thio relaxers - -Use the same ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) that is used in permanent waving, but at a higher concentration and a higher ph (above 10). Breaks disulfide bond Thio neutralization - -The process of stopping a permanent wave and reforming the hair into its new curly shape Lanthionization - -Process by which hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten hair; they remove a sulfur atom from a disulfide bond and convert it into a lanthionine bond. Reduction reaction - -a chemical change in which electrons are gained, either by the removal of oxygen, the addition of hydrogen, or the addition of electrons Acid perms have a ph of: - -6.9-7.2 Alkaline perms carry a ph of: - -8.0-9.5 Alkaline perms also known as - -Cold perm Alkaline perm main ingredient - -Ammonium thioglycolate Alkaline perm are used on - -Coarse virgin resistant hair Alkaline perms produce - -Strong curl pattern Alkaline perms are wrapped - -Without tension Acid perms need what to process? - -Heat and tention Acid creates - -Firmer curl Acid perms causes - -Minimal swelling Acid perms reducing agent - -Glycerol monothioglycloate Acid perms are better for - -Fragile hair Croquignole perm wrap also know as - -Overlap method Croquignole perm wrap - -Perms in which the hair strands are wrapped from the ends to the scalp in overlapping concentric layers. Tighter curl on ends Two types of permrod curls - -Croquigonle and spiral perm wrap Cosmetology Cosmetology Cosmetology Spiral perm wrap - -Hair is wrapped perpendicular to the length of the rod, which causes the hair to spiral along the length of the rod, similar to the stripes on a candy cane. Uniform curl from scalp to ends Double-rod wrap - -Aka piggyback wrap; wrap technique whereby extra-long hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp to midway down the hair shaft, and another rod is used to wrap the remaining hair strand in the same direction (extra long hair ) Bricklay permanent wrap - -perm wrap similar to actual technique of bricklaying; base sections are offset from each other row by row to prevent noticeable splits and to blend the flow of the hair Amino acids - -Carbon oxygen hydrogen Double-rod wrap is also called - -Piggyback wrap Peptide bond - -( end bond) chemical bond formed between amino acids form polypeptide Polypeptide chain - -long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds Kertain proteins - -are long, coiled polypeptide chains Side bonds - -Disulfide, salt, and hydrogen bonds that cross-link polypeptide chains together. Salt bond - -Weak, physical, broken by ph change (ionic bond) Hydrogen bond - -weak physical side bond that is easily broken by water or heat reforms hair as it dries or cools Lye-Based Relaxers - -sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called lye relaxers can cause hair loss and skin burns No-lye relaxers - -Reduce scalp irritation lithium hydroxide relaxers and potassium hydroxide relaxers are advertised and sold as: Low ph relaxers - -Intended for use on color treated, damaged or fine hair Lye - -Is harsh and can cause damage and irritation Developer - -Also known as Catalyst or Hydrogen Peroxide, oxidizing agent added to haircolor or lightener that assists in the development process; it is manufactured in various strengths, known as volumes or percentages Developer ph - -2.5-4.5 Cosmetology Developer volumes - -5 vol 10 vol 20vol 30 vol Neutralizer - -Chemical solution that stops the waving process of a permanent wave; rebuilds the bonds into their new form hydrogen peroxide sodium bromate( cause oxidation) cause splits in cysteine Ph of hair and skin - -4.5-5.5 Neutralizer ph - -2.5-7 Hydrogen peroxide - -H2O2 No lye contains - -Sodium hydroxide Ammonium thioglycolate - -Swell and soften Ammonium thioglycolate ph - -8.5-9.5 The technique of coloring strands of hair darker than the natural color low lighting aka - Reverse highlighting Aniline derivatives - -Contain small, uncolored dyes that combine with hydrogen peroxide to form larger, permanent dye molecules within the cortex. Terminal hair - -Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females. What cosmetology cut Anagen - -The period of active growth 90% Catagen phase - -The brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of a hair follicle. It signals the end of the growth phase. 1-2 weeks Telogen phase - -the final growth phase in which hair naturally falls out of the skin 10% Direct dyes - -Large colored molecules that do not require a reaction with hydrogen peroxide lives in on layer of hair Indirect dyes - -Smaller color molecules require a developer lives in the cortex of hair Primary colors - -red, yellow, blue Secondary colors - -orange, green, violet Tertiary colors - -yellow-orange, Red-orange, Cosmetology Cosmetology Red-violet, Blue-violet, Blue-green, Yellow-green Warm tones are - -red, yellow, orange Cool tones - -blue, green, violet Eumelanin - -Produces brown to black pigments in the hair Eumelanin creates what hair color? - -Light blonde Pheomelanin - -red/yellow pigment Coarse hair may - -Process slightly lighter than intended level when deposit color Reference point used in haircutting - -Parietal ridge, Occipital bone, Apex, When performing a virgin lightening on The hair begin the application - -½ inch from the scalp up to the porous ends. Perform test curl - -The tool is unwound 1 1/2 times, allowing hair to unfold naturally. Sodium hydroxide is used in - -Hair relaxers To achieve the desired curl formation, hair Should wrap around the rod at least how Many times? - -2 1/2 times Approximately 90% of the scalp hair is In this phase - -Anagen Although somewhat less irritating to the scalp, this type of relaxer is actually harsher to the hair than hydroxide relaxers - -Guanidine The method of wrapping hair from the end to the scalp is known as: - -Croquignole The size of the base and the angle at which the hair is held while wrapping determines the tool position or: - -base control Widest area of the head. Where comb Leaves head) - -Parietal ridge Cosmetology Cosmetology Cosmetology What is the ph of sodium hydroxide? - -10.5-11.5 Which portion of the hair is chemical wave solution absorbed faster? - -Where hair porosity is greatest Relaxers with ammonium thioglycolate differ from relaxers with sodium hydroxide because thio is - -milder The main active ingredient in an alkaline perm Is - -Ammonium thioglycolate Texturizing is also referred to as - -Ammonium thioglycolate The action of sodium hydroxide relaxer causes The hair to - -Soften and swell What happens to each individual hair strand When an aniline derivative (oxidation) tint is Mixed with hydrogen peroxide and applied to The hair? - -The cortex swells allo