PA Pesticide Applicator Exam Lawn and Turf Exam
Questions and Correct Answers (100%COMPLETE
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ 100%
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What are the stand symptoms of Brown patch? - ✔✔Irregular rings or patches of brown or tan
foliage become visible and are especially evident on close-cut grasses early in the morning and grayish
"smoke rings" appear around the patches
What are the stand symptoms of Dollar spot? - ✔✔On closely mowed turf, small bleached white
spots from 1-2 inches in diameter develop and is easily confused with early stages of Pythium blight.
On higher-cut turf, the spots may expand into patches exceeding 5 inches in diameter
What are the stand symptoms of Fairy ring? - ✔✔Fairy rings appear as rings or arcs of green
stimulated turf that range from a few feet to many feet in diameter. When the turn becomes stressed,
the rings may become brown. During periods of heavy rainfall, mushroom or puffball fungi may
appear adjacent to the rings and persist for a few days
What are the stand symptoms of Gray leaf spot? - ✔✔In hot, humid weather, turf infected with gray
leaf spot looks scorched and ragged
What are the stand symptoms of Pink snow mold? - ✔✔Circular patches 2-6 inces in diameter
develop during prolonged periods of cool wet weather. If severe, spots merge to form large areas of
diseased turf. The grass on the outer edge of the patches generally appears water-soaked (wet and
slimy) with profuse gray or pink mycelia of the fungus present in high humidity
What are the stand symptoms of Pythium blight? - ✔✔Round to irregular spots from 1 inch in
diameter on closely mowed turf up to several inches in diameter on higher-cut turf grass appear
suddenly. If humidity is high and prolonged, a gray mycelium is frequently visible in turf canopy
associated blighted leaf tissues
What are three problems that could cause failure of pre emergence herbicides? - ✔✔1.) Applying
herbicide after weed has emerged
2.) Thick thatch
3.) Too much sunlight causing the herbicide to break down
What do you do to control fire ants? - ✔✔Use a combination of broadcast bait and mound
treatments
What is a Host? - ✔✔Organism that is invaded by a plant parasite, which obtains its nutrients, and
reproduces upon it
What is a Rhizome? - ✔✔Creeping, horizontal underground stem, producing shoots above ground
and roots below
What is a Sign? - ✔✔Visible pathogen or its parts or products on a host plant
What is a situation where a broad spectrum, non-selective herbicide could be used on turf? -
✔✔When your grass is basically all weeds or you are trying to kill the dead grass to put new sod
What is a Stolon? - ✔✔Creeping, above ground stem that roots at the nodes
What is a Tuber? - ✔✔Thickened storage portion of a rhizome or stolon
, What is an Endophyte? - ✔✔A fungus that lives within the plant
What is Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) ? - ✔✔A common bacterium that kills many types of caterpillars
What is Brown Patch? - ✔✔Symptoms of diseases that are caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani
and is the the most common disease of all Tall fescue in the Southeast. This is a big problem in the
maintenance of creeping bent grass for golf course putting greens. This disease does not occur on
warm season turf grasses
What is Gray leaf spot? - ✔✔Very common disease of St. Augustine grass and occurs in very hot,
humid weather and is generally more severe in newly established turf areas, in shady locations, and in
locations with poor air movement. The fungus forms spores that are very easily spread by wind and
moisture or by equipment movement and other human activities
What is Monitoring? - ✔✔Knowing whether the pest is causing enough problems to justify control
What is Phytotoxicity? - ✔✔A toxic effect by a compound on plant growth
What is Pink snow mold? - ✔✔Disease of cool season turf grasses and may spread by mycelial
growth or movement of spores which are produced in enormous amounts on diseased tissue
What is Plant Susceptibility? - ✔✔Killing or injuring of a plant by a herbicide
What is Pythium blight? - ✔✔A dreaded disease of bent grass putting greens because damage can
occur rapidly and potentially severe and is caused by the fungus Pythium aphanidermatum. This
disease occurs during hot, wet, or very humid weather, especially when air movement is limited. The
disease spreads rapidly when spores, mycelia, or infected plant parts are moved by water, mowers, or
traffic
What is Sampling? - ✔✔Selecting a pest that is appropriate for the location and habits of the pest
What is Scouting? - ✔✔Looking for destructive turf grass insects and identifying them
What is the best approach to control undesirable perennial grasses? - ✔✔The best approach is to
spot-treat the infested area of grass With a selective or nonselective, systemic (translocated herbicide
What is the best approach to control winter annuals? - ✔✔Mid to late fall and early winter using a
selective, post emergence broadleaf herbicides
What is the best approach to control yellow nutsedge? - ✔✔Apply herbicide applications every 2 to 3
weeks
What is the difference between diseases and disorders? - ✔✔Disorders are caused by unfavorable
growing conditions such as temperature extremes, soil compaction, injury from machines and
chemicals, or too little or too much water. Diseases are caused by pathogens such as fungi, bacteria,
and viruses, which can multiply and spread from plant to plant
What is the difference between Protectant (contact) fungicides and Systemic fungicides? -
✔✔Protectant fungicides coat a susceptible plant to create a protective barrier against fungal
infection. The turf grass does not absorb them and they do not circulate (translocate) within the plant.
Systemic fungicides circulate (translocate) within the turf grass plant and can control fungi already in
the plant. Fungicide is absorbed through the cuticle (waxy outer layer) of the plant in several hours so
that it will not be washed off by rain or degraded by sunlight
What is the Milky spore disease? - ✔✔A bacterial disease that is caused by the bacterium, Bacillus
popilliae, and kills Japanese beetles
Questions and Correct Answers (100%COMPLETE
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ 100%
satisfaction guaranteed
What are the stand symptoms of Brown patch? - ✔✔Irregular rings or patches of brown or tan
foliage become visible and are especially evident on close-cut grasses early in the morning and grayish
"smoke rings" appear around the patches
What are the stand symptoms of Dollar spot? - ✔✔On closely mowed turf, small bleached white
spots from 1-2 inches in diameter develop and is easily confused with early stages of Pythium blight.
On higher-cut turf, the spots may expand into patches exceeding 5 inches in diameter
What are the stand symptoms of Fairy ring? - ✔✔Fairy rings appear as rings or arcs of green
stimulated turf that range from a few feet to many feet in diameter. When the turn becomes stressed,
the rings may become brown. During periods of heavy rainfall, mushroom or puffball fungi may
appear adjacent to the rings and persist for a few days
What are the stand symptoms of Gray leaf spot? - ✔✔In hot, humid weather, turf infected with gray
leaf spot looks scorched and ragged
What are the stand symptoms of Pink snow mold? - ✔✔Circular patches 2-6 inces in diameter
develop during prolonged periods of cool wet weather. If severe, spots merge to form large areas of
diseased turf. The grass on the outer edge of the patches generally appears water-soaked (wet and
slimy) with profuse gray or pink mycelia of the fungus present in high humidity
What are the stand symptoms of Pythium blight? - ✔✔Round to irregular spots from 1 inch in
diameter on closely mowed turf up to several inches in diameter on higher-cut turf grass appear
suddenly. If humidity is high and prolonged, a gray mycelium is frequently visible in turf canopy
associated blighted leaf tissues
What are three problems that could cause failure of pre emergence herbicides? - ✔✔1.) Applying
herbicide after weed has emerged
2.) Thick thatch
3.) Too much sunlight causing the herbicide to break down
What do you do to control fire ants? - ✔✔Use a combination of broadcast bait and mound
treatments
What is a Host? - ✔✔Organism that is invaded by a plant parasite, which obtains its nutrients, and
reproduces upon it
What is a Rhizome? - ✔✔Creeping, horizontal underground stem, producing shoots above ground
and roots below
What is a Sign? - ✔✔Visible pathogen or its parts or products on a host plant
What is a situation where a broad spectrum, non-selective herbicide could be used on turf? -
✔✔When your grass is basically all weeds or you are trying to kill the dead grass to put new sod
What is a Stolon? - ✔✔Creeping, above ground stem that roots at the nodes
What is a Tuber? - ✔✔Thickened storage portion of a rhizome or stolon
, What is an Endophyte? - ✔✔A fungus that lives within the plant
What is Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) ? - ✔✔A common bacterium that kills many types of caterpillars
What is Brown Patch? - ✔✔Symptoms of diseases that are caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani
and is the the most common disease of all Tall fescue in the Southeast. This is a big problem in the
maintenance of creeping bent grass for golf course putting greens. This disease does not occur on
warm season turf grasses
What is Gray leaf spot? - ✔✔Very common disease of St. Augustine grass and occurs in very hot,
humid weather and is generally more severe in newly established turf areas, in shady locations, and in
locations with poor air movement. The fungus forms spores that are very easily spread by wind and
moisture or by equipment movement and other human activities
What is Monitoring? - ✔✔Knowing whether the pest is causing enough problems to justify control
What is Phytotoxicity? - ✔✔A toxic effect by a compound on plant growth
What is Pink snow mold? - ✔✔Disease of cool season turf grasses and may spread by mycelial
growth or movement of spores which are produced in enormous amounts on diseased tissue
What is Plant Susceptibility? - ✔✔Killing or injuring of a plant by a herbicide
What is Pythium blight? - ✔✔A dreaded disease of bent grass putting greens because damage can
occur rapidly and potentially severe and is caused by the fungus Pythium aphanidermatum. This
disease occurs during hot, wet, or very humid weather, especially when air movement is limited. The
disease spreads rapidly when spores, mycelia, or infected plant parts are moved by water, mowers, or
traffic
What is Sampling? - ✔✔Selecting a pest that is appropriate for the location and habits of the pest
What is Scouting? - ✔✔Looking for destructive turf grass insects and identifying them
What is the best approach to control undesirable perennial grasses? - ✔✔The best approach is to
spot-treat the infested area of grass With a selective or nonselective, systemic (translocated herbicide
What is the best approach to control winter annuals? - ✔✔Mid to late fall and early winter using a
selective, post emergence broadleaf herbicides
What is the best approach to control yellow nutsedge? - ✔✔Apply herbicide applications every 2 to 3
weeks
What is the difference between diseases and disorders? - ✔✔Disorders are caused by unfavorable
growing conditions such as temperature extremes, soil compaction, injury from machines and
chemicals, or too little or too much water. Diseases are caused by pathogens such as fungi, bacteria,
and viruses, which can multiply and spread from plant to plant
What is the difference between Protectant (contact) fungicides and Systemic fungicides? -
✔✔Protectant fungicides coat a susceptible plant to create a protective barrier against fungal
infection. The turf grass does not absorb them and they do not circulate (translocate) within the plant.
Systemic fungicides circulate (translocate) within the turf grass plant and can control fungi already in
the plant. Fungicide is absorbed through the cuticle (waxy outer layer) of the plant in several hours so
that it will not be washed off by rain or degraded by sunlight
What is the Milky spore disease? - ✔✔A bacterial disease that is caused by the bacterium, Bacillus
popilliae, and kills Japanese beetles
