EEB 2100 UCONN FINAL CERTIFIED QUALITY EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ACTUAL 2025/26
SIR models - --ANSWERS----susceptible-infected-resistant
model of disease transmission
Susceptible contract from infected, resistant do not contract, and
dead or recovered no longer transmit
Vectors(epidemiology) - --ANSWERS----species that carries the
disease but is not infected, such as mosquitos that carry malaria
Reservoir host - --ANSWERS----The organism that becomes
infected by a pathogen and serves as a source of transfer of the
pathogen to others
Lyme in ticks and mice
Resting spores - --ANSWERS----disease that hides dormant in
spores, in the soil, and then come back when the conditions are
right
Anthrax
R(nought) of diseases - --ANSWERS----reproductive rate of a
disease and is equal to how many people a single infected is to
infect on average. One or above indicates a self-maintaining
disease
Emerging infectious diseases (eids) - --ANSWERS----335 new
eids from 1940-2004
,New diseases- SARS
New strains- Drug resistant TB
Increasing prevalence- Lyme
60% originate in animals
23% are vector-borne(transmitted by an intermediate animal)
Biodiversity increase vs. Disease prevelance - --ANSWERS----
Biodiversity increases the chances of a new disease because
there are more opportunities for the disease to make the jump
Factors that increase wild hosts and disease reservoirs - --
ANSWERS----Human population growth
Activities that increase human contact with wildlife
Intrusions into wilderness
Contact X Biodiversity X previously low contact = chance of new
disease
Ebola - --ANSWERS----Mostly sub-saharan Africa
Likely transmitted from primates to bats to humans
Traced to a tree filled with bats
SARS-COV-2 - --ANSWERS----Intermediate host between bats
and humans unknown
96% similarity to Bat-COV but can't bind to humans
Single jump from animal to human that eventually evolved in
humans to spread
,Dilution effect (Lyme) - --ANSWERS----Some hosts are better
at passing on Lyme disease to ticks than others- competent
hosts are better at doing this
Dilution effect is when other species who are not competent
hosts increase and reduces the prevalence of Lyme.
Environmental effects on disease transmission - --ANSWERS---
-resting spores die in very dry or wet conditions
Insects feed more when metabolism increased in warm
temperature = higher transmission rate
Warmer or cooler temperatures can decrease development time
of pathogens in a species and infect them faster
Transmission rates can be effected both positively and negatively
in a single environmental situation
Malaria expansion and climate change - --ANSWERS----Malaria
actually decreases with increased temperature, contrary to
scientific prediction.
Area effected shrunk from 58% of land surface to 30% land
surface between 1900 and 2007
Shrink was due to control measures put in place (pesticides and
nets)
Agricultural land use and diseases - --ANSWERS----
Agricultural involved in >50% of zoonotic diseases
, Irrigation is a great habitat for common vectors such as
mosquitoes
Antibiotics in cattle create antibiotic resistant bacteria that can
then infect humans
Diseases such as the swine flu and Covid Minks can be sources
of diseases
Jared Diamonds 'Evil Quartet' - --ANSWERS----All natural
systems have been damaged by:
1. Habitat loss and fragmentation
2. Overharvesting
3. Invasive species
4. The indirect effects of theses effects on ecological interactions
Conservation biology - --ANSWERS----Multidisciplinary science
that has developed to address the loss of biological diversity
Bridges the gaps between ecology, evolution and policy, and
practice
Main goals of conservation biology - --ANSWERS----To evaluate
human impacts on biological diversity and to establish workable
methods for preserving species and their biological communities
In-situ conservation - --ANSWERS----maintenance of species in
their natural environments
Ex-situ conservation - --ANSWERS----maintenance of species
outside their natural habitats
AND ANSWERS ACTUAL 2025/26
SIR models - --ANSWERS----susceptible-infected-resistant
model of disease transmission
Susceptible contract from infected, resistant do not contract, and
dead or recovered no longer transmit
Vectors(epidemiology) - --ANSWERS----species that carries the
disease but is not infected, such as mosquitos that carry malaria
Reservoir host - --ANSWERS----The organism that becomes
infected by a pathogen and serves as a source of transfer of the
pathogen to others
Lyme in ticks and mice
Resting spores - --ANSWERS----disease that hides dormant in
spores, in the soil, and then come back when the conditions are
right
Anthrax
R(nought) of diseases - --ANSWERS----reproductive rate of a
disease and is equal to how many people a single infected is to
infect on average. One or above indicates a self-maintaining
disease
Emerging infectious diseases (eids) - --ANSWERS----335 new
eids from 1940-2004
,New diseases- SARS
New strains- Drug resistant TB
Increasing prevalence- Lyme
60% originate in animals
23% are vector-borne(transmitted by an intermediate animal)
Biodiversity increase vs. Disease prevelance - --ANSWERS----
Biodiversity increases the chances of a new disease because
there are more opportunities for the disease to make the jump
Factors that increase wild hosts and disease reservoirs - --
ANSWERS----Human population growth
Activities that increase human contact with wildlife
Intrusions into wilderness
Contact X Biodiversity X previously low contact = chance of new
disease
Ebola - --ANSWERS----Mostly sub-saharan Africa
Likely transmitted from primates to bats to humans
Traced to a tree filled with bats
SARS-COV-2 - --ANSWERS----Intermediate host between bats
and humans unknown
96% similarity to Bat-COV but can't bind to humans
Single jump from animal to human that eventually evolved in
humans to spread
,Dilution effect (Lyme) - --ANSWERS----Some hosts are better
at passing on Lyme disease to ticks than others- competent
hosts are better at doing this
Dilution effect is when other species who are not competent
hosts increase and reduces the prevalence of Lyme.
Environmental effects on disease transmission - --ANSWERS---
-resting spores die in very dry or wet conditions
Insects feed more when metabolism increased in warm
temperature = higher transmission rate
Warmer or cooler temperatures can decrease development time
of pathogens in a species and infect them faster
Transmission rates can be effected both positively and negatively
in a single environmental situation
Malaria expansion and climate change - --ANSWERS----Malaria
actually decreases with increased temperature, contrary to
scientific prediction.
Area effected shrunk from 58% of land surface to 30% land
surface between 1900 and 2007
Shrink was due to control measures put in place (pesticides and
nets)
Agricultural land use and diseases - --ANSWERS----
Agricultural involved in >50% of zoonotic diseases
, Irrigation is a great habitat for common vectors such as
mosquitoes
Antibiotics in cattle create antibiotic resistant bacteria that can
then infect humans
Diseases such as the swine flu and Covid Minks can be sources
of diseases
Jared Diamonds 'Evil Quartet' - --ANSWERS----All natural
systems have been damaged by:
1. Habitat loss and fragmentation
2. Overharvesting
3. Invasive species
4. The indirect effects of theses effects on ecological interactions
Conservation biology - --ANSWERS----Multidisciplinary science
that has developed to address the loss of biological diversity
Bridges the gaps between ecology, evolution and policy, and
practice
Main goals of conservation biology - --ANSWERS----To evaluate
human impacts on biological diversity and to establish workable
methods for preserving species and their biological communities
In-situ conservation - --ANSWERS----maintenance of species in
their natural environments
Ex-situ conservation - --ANSWERS----maintenance of species
outside their natural habitats
