Micro 290 - Midterm
(1,3,4,5,6,7,8,11,12,13) Karimi
Acid-Fast Stain - ANS-A differential stain used to penetrate waxy cell partitions
Acidic dye - ANS-An anionic chromophore used to stain alkaline systems. Works first-class in
acidic environments
Actinomycetes - ANS-High G+C Gram-tremendous bacteria that shape branching filaments and
bring spores, for that reason similar to fungi
Actinomycosis - ANS-Disease due to actinomyces; characterised via formation of multiple,
interconnected abscesses in pores and skin or mucous membrane
Activation Energy - ANS-The quantity of power needed to cause a chemical response
Active Site - ANS-Functional website online of an enzyme, the form of that is complementary to
the shape of the substrate
Acute Anaphylaxis - ANS-Condition in which the discharge of inflammatory mediators overwhels
the frame's coping mechanisms
Aerobic Respiration - ANS-Type of cell respiration requiring oxygen atoms as very last electron
acceptors
Agar - ANS-Gel-like polysaccharide isolated from purple algae and used as thickening agent
Agglutination - ANS-Clumping caused while antibodies bind to 2 antigens, perhaps hindering
the activity of pathogenic microorganisms and increasing the exchange that they may be
phagocytized
Algae - ANS-Eukarytoic unicellular or multicellular photosynthetic organisms with simple
reproductive systems
Amoebas - ANS-Protozoa that move and feed by way of pseudopods
Anaerobic Respiration - ANS-Type of mobile respiration no longer requiring oxygen atoms as
very last electron acceptors
,Antisense RNA - ANS-RNA with a nucleotide collection complementary to a molecule of mRNA;
used to manipulate translation of polypeptide
Apicomlexans - ANS-In protozoan taxonomy, institution of pathogenic alveolate ptrozoa
characterized via the complex of special intracellular organelles positioned on the apices of the
infective levels of these microbes
Archaea - ANS-In Woese's taxonomy, domain that consists of all prokaryotic cells having
archaela rRNA sequences
Arthropod - ANS-Animal with a segmented body, hard exoskeleton, and jointed legs, which
include arachnids and bugs
Arthropod Vector - ANS-Animals with segmented bodies, outside skeletons, and jointed legs
that carry pathogens; vectors include ticks, mites, fleas, and real insects
Ascomycota - ANS-Division of fungi characterized with the aid of the formation of haploid
ascospores inside sacs referred to as asci
Ascospore - ANS-Haploid germinating structure of ascomycetes
Ascus - ANS-Sac in which haploid ascospores are fashioned and from which they may be
launched in fungi of the department Ascomycota
Aspergillosis - ANS-Term for several localized and invasive sicknesses because of infection with
Aspergillus species
Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) - ANS-uses a pointed probe to traverse the surface of a
specimen. A laser beam detects vertical actions of the probe, which a computer translates to
reveal the atomic topography of the specimen
Axenic - ANS-Having handiest one organism present
Bacteria - ANS-prokaryotic microorganisms typically having cellular walls composed of
peptidoglycan. In Woese's taxonomy, domain that consists of all prokaryotic cells having
bacterial rRNA sequences
Bacteriophage - ANS-Virus that infects and commonly destroys bacterial cells
Base-Excision Repair - ANS-Mechanism by using which enzymes excise phase of a DNA strand
containing an errors, after which DNA polymerase fills within the hole.
Basidiocarp - ANS-Fruiting body of basidiomycetes; consists of mushrooms, puffballs,
stinkhorns, jelly fungi, fowl's nest fungi, and bracket fungi
, Basidiomycota - ANS-Division of fungi characterized by using production of basidiospores and
basidiocarps
Beta-Oxidation - ANS-A catabolic procedure in which enzymes split pairs of hydrogenated
carbon atoms from a fatty acid and join them to coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA
Betaproteobacteria - ANS-Class of numerous Gram-terrible micro organism inside the phylum
Proteobacteria capable of growing at very low nutrient degrees
Binomail Nomenclature - ANS-The class approach used in the Linnaean gadget of taxonomy,
which assigns every species both a genus name and particular epithet
Biofilm - ANS-A slimy community of microbes growing on a surface
Biotechnology - ANS-Branch of microbiology wherein microbes are manipulated to manufacture
useful products
Broth - ANS-A liquid, nutrient-rich medium used for cultivating microorganisms
Budding - ANS-In prokaryotes and yeasts, reproductive in which an outgrowth of the figure
mobile gets a duplicate of the genetic cloth, enlarges, and detaches.
In virology, extrusion of enveloped virions through the hosts's cellular membrane
Capsomere - ANS-A proteinaceous subunit of a capsid
Capsule Stain - ANS-(Negative Stain) staining approach used generally to reveal bacterial
tablets and involving software of an acidic dye that leaves the specimen colorless and the
history stained
Carbon Fixation - ANS-The attachment of atmospheric carbon dioxide to ribosome
1,five-bisphosphate (RuBP)
Carcinogen - ANS-Chemical capable of causing cancer
Carotenoid - ANS-Plant pigment that acts as an antioxidant
Carrageenan - ANS-Gel-like polysaccharide isolated from red algae and used a thickening
agent
Cell Culture - ANS-Cells isolated from an organism and grown on the surface of a medium or in
broth. Viruses may be grown in a mobile culture
(1,3,4,5,6,7,8,11,12,13) Karimi
Acid-Fast Stain - ANS-A differential stain used to penetrate waxy cell partitions
Acidic dye - ANS-An anionic chromophore used to stain alkaline systems. Works first-class in
acidic environments
Actinomycetes - ANS-High G+C Gram-tremendous bacteria that shape branching filaments and
bring spores, for that reason similar to fungi
Actinomycosis - ANS-Disease due to actinomyces; characterised via formation of multiple,
interconnected abscesses in pores and skin or mucous membrane
Activation Energy - ANS-The quantity of power needed to cause a chemical response
Active Site - ANS-Functional website online of an enzyme, the form of that is complementary to
the shape of the substrate
Acute Anaphylaxis - ANS-Condition in which the discharge of inflammatory mediators overwhels
the frame's coping mechanisms
Aerobic Respiration - ANS-Type of cell respiration requiring oxygen atoms as very last electron
acceptors
Agar - ANS-Gel-like polysaccharide isolated from purple algae and used as thickening agent
Agglutination - ANS-Clumping caused while antibodies bind to 2 antigens, perhaps hindering
the activity of pathogenic microorganisms and increasing the exchange that they may be
phagocytized
Algae - ANS-Eukarytoic unicellular or multicellular photosynthetic organisms with simple
reproductive systems
Amoebas - ANS-Protozoa that move and feed by way of pseudopods
Anaerobic Respiration - ANS-Type of mobile respiration no longer requiring oxygen atoms as
very last electron acceptors
,Antisense RNA - ANS-RNA with a nucleotide collection complementary to a molecule of mRNA;
used to manipulate translation of polypeptide
Apicomlexans - ANS-In protozoan taxonomy, institution of pathogenic alveolate ptrozoa
characterized via the complex of special intracellular organelles positioned on the apices of the
infective levels of these microbes
Archaea - ANS-In Woese's taxonomy, domain that consists of all prokaryotic cells having
archaela rRNA sequences
Arthropod - ANS-Animal with a segmented body, hard exoskeleton, and jointed legs, which
include arachnids and bugs
Arthropod Vector - ANS-Animals with segmented bodies, outside skeletons, and jointed legs
that carry pathogens; vectors include ticks, mites, fleas, and real insects
Ascomycota - ANS-Division of fungi characterized with the aid of the formation of haploid
ascospores inside sacs referred to as asci
Ascospore - ANS-Haploid germinating structure of ascomycetes
Ascus - ANS-Sac in which haploid ascospores are fashioned and from which they may be
launched in fungi of the department Ascomycota
Aspergillosis - ANS-Term for several localized and invasive sicknesses because of infection with
Aspergillus species
Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) - ANS-uses a pointed probe to traverse the surface of a
specimen. A laser beam detects vertical actions of the probe, which a computer translates to
reveal the atomic topography of the specimen
Axenic - ANS-Having handiest one organism present
Bacteria - ANS-prokaryotic microorganisms typically having cellular walls composed of
peptidoglycan. In Woese's taxonomy, domain that consists of all prokaryotic cells having
bacterial rRNA sequences
Bacteriophage - ANS-Virus that infects and commonly destroys bacterial cells
Base-Excision Repair - ANS-Mechanism by using which enzymes excise phase of a DNA strand
containing an errors, after which DNA polymerase fills within the hole.
Basidiocarp - ANS-Fruiting body of basidiomycetes; consists of mushrooms, puffballs,
stinkhorns, jelly fungi, fowl's nest fungi, and bracket fungi
, Basidiomycota - ANS-Division of fungi characterized by using production of basidiospores and
basidiocarps
Beta-Oxidation - ANS-A catabolic procedure in which enzymes split pairs of hydrogenated
carbon atoms from a fatty acid and join them to coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA
Betaproteobacteria - ANS-Class of numerous Gram-terrible micro organism inside the phylum
Proteobacteria capable of growing at very low nutrient degrees
Binomail Nomenclature - ANS-The class approach used in the Linnaean gadget of taxonomy,
which assigns every species both a genus name and particular epithet
Biofilm - ANS-A slimy community of microbes growing on a surface
Biotechnology - ANS-Branch of microbiology wherein microbes are manipulated to manufacture
useful products
Broth - ANS-A liquid, nutrient-rich medium used for cultivating microorganisms
Budding - ANS-In prokaryotes and yeasts, reproductive in which an outgrowth of the figure
mobile gets a duplicate of the genetic cloth, enlarges, and detaches.
In virology, extrusion of enveloped virions through the hosts's cellular membrane
Capsomere - ANS-A proteinaceous subunit of a capsid
Capsule Stain - ANS-(Negative Stain) staining approach used generally to reveal bacterial
tablets and involving software of an acidic dye that leaves the specimen colorless and the
history stained
Carbon Fixation - ANS-The attachment of atmospheric carbon dioxide to ribosome
1,five-bisphosphate (RuBP)
Carcinogen - ANS-Chemical capable of causing cancer
Carotenoid - ANS-Plant pigment that acts as an antioxidant
Carrageenan - ANS-Gel-like polysaccharide isolated from red algae and used a thickening
agent
Cell Culture - ANS-Cells isolated from an organism and grown on the surface of a medium or in
broth. Viruses may be grown in a mobile culture
