NURSING PHARMACOLOGY (DRUGS) ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
ANSWERS|ALREADY GRADED A
albuterol Correct Ans- (SABA) short acting beta 2 receptor agonist, used
for bronchospasm, acute symptoms of asthma
acetaminophen Correct Ans- centrally acting cox inhibitor; analgesic
and antipyretic properties; no antiinflammatory,antirheumatic properties
acyclovir Correct Ans- Antimetabolite for Treating Herpes Simplex
Virus & Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections;
MOAs: Purine necleoside analog: DNA polymerase inhibitor,
suppresses synthesis of viral DNA, resistance.
amiodarone Correct Ans- Class 3 Potassium channel blocker
Only approved for life-threatening dysrhythmias.
Delays repolarization and extends action potential of heart muscle cells.
SE: Profound hypotension."
amoxicillin Correct Ans- Broad-spectrum penicillin active against H.
influenzae, E. coli, and N. Gonorrhoeae. It is inactivated by beta-
lactamases, so not helpful for Staphylococcus.
atropine Correct Ans- muscinarinic receptor antagonist/anticholinergic
drug; used for mydriases (eye exams), to raise HR, lower GI motility,
and as antidote to muscarinic poisoning (rx, shrooms)
,amphotericin B Correct Ans- broad spectrum antifungal, which is the
agent of choice for systemic mycoses, despite being highly toxic. Its
uses are limited to treating progressive and potentially fatal infections.
Adverse effects include infusion reactions, nephrotoxicity, and
hypokalemia.
aspirin Correct Ans- A drug that decrease platelet aggregation and is
used to prevent arterial thrombosis, stroke, or MI. Major SEs include
risk of major GI bleeding. This drug is an NSAID that works by
inhibiting platelet COX, COX-1, and COX-2.
beclomethasone Correct Ans- inhaled corticosteroid used to treat airway
inflammation in asthma
bethanechol Correct Ans- muscarinic agnonist, used primarily for
urinary retention
buproprion Correct Ans- (DA and NE). Weight loss, seizure, insomnia,
headache, serotonin syndrome (see laundry list above), withdrawal,
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
captopril Correct Ans- ACE inhibitor - shown to have efficacious effects
in treating a patient with heart failure. Blocks production of angiotensin
II, dilates arterioles and veins, and decreases release of aldosterone. It
may show the adverse effects of hypotension, hyperkalemia, or
persistant cough, CARDIAC REMODELING
, carbenicillin Correct Ans- "Extended spectrum (antipseudomonal
penicillins), which has the same spectrum of activity as broad-spectrum
penicillins, plus treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
cefotaxime Correct Ans- "Third generation cephalosporin with activity
against meningitis and nosocomial infections resistant to others
(restricted use). It has greater activity against Gram negative bacteria,
increased resistance to beta-lactamases, and better ability to reach CSF.
cephalexin Correct Ans- "First generation cephalosporin poor activity
against Gram negative bacteria, sensitive to to most beta-lactamases,
unable to reach CSF. Used for Staphylococcus if mild penicillin allergy.
celecoxib Correct Ans- 2nd Generation Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory
Drug (COX-2 Selective NSAID); AE: risk of CV events, warfarin may
be more effective with celecoxib
cholestyramine Correct Ans- Inhibits bile reabsorption in intenstine,
increases LDL receptors in liver, accelerates bile excretion. Many of the
adverse effects result from the drug not being absorbed from GI,
including constipation and a decreased absorption of fat-soluble
vitamins (A, D, E, & K).
ciprofloxacin Correct Ans- fluoroquinolone
broad -cidal. PO tetracycline and cipro should NOT BE GIVEN WITH
ANTACIDS.
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
ANSWERS|ALREADY GRADED A
albuterol Correct Ans- (SABA) short acting beta 2 receptor agonist, used
for bronchospasm, acute symptoms of asthma
acetaminophen Correct Ans- centrally acting cox inhibitor; analgesic
and antipyretic properties; no antiinflammatory,antirheumatic properties
acyclovir Correct Ans- Antimetabolite for Treating Herpes Simplex
Virus & Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections;
MOAs: Purine necleoside analog: DNA polymerase inhibitor,
suppresses synthesis of viral DNA, resistance.
amiodarone Correct Ans- Class 3 Potassium channel blocker
Only approved for life-threatening dysrhythmias.
Delays repolarization and extends action potential of heart muscle cells.
SE: Profound hypotension."
amoxicillin Correct Ans- Broad-spectrum penicillin active against H.
influenzae, E. coli, and N. Gonorrhoeae. It is inactivated by beta-
lactamases, so not helpful for Staphylococcus.
atropine Correct Ans- muscinarinic receptor antagonist/anticholinergic
drug; used for mydriases (eye exams), to raise HR, lower GI motility,
and as antidote to muscarinic poisoning (rx, shrooms)
,amphotericin B Correct Ans- broad spectrum antifungal, which is the
agent of choice for systemic mycoses, despite being highly toxic. Its
uses are limited to treating progressive and potentially fatal infections.
Adverse effects include infusion reactions, nephrotoxicity, and
hypokalemia.
aspirin Correct Ans- A drug that decrease platelet aggregation and is
used to prevent arterial thrombosis, stroke, or MI. Major SEs include
risk of major GI bleeding. This drug is an NSAID that works by
inhibiting platelet COX, COX-1, and COX-2.
beclomethasone Correct Ans- inhaled corticosteroid used to treat airway
inflammation in asthma
bethanechol Correct Ans- muscarinic agnonist, used primarily for
urinary retention
buproprion Correct Ans- (DA and NE). Weight loss, seizure, insomnia,
headache, serotonin syndrome (see laundry list above), withdrawal,
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
captopril Correct Ans- ACE inhibitor - shown to have efficacious effects
in treating a patient with heart failure. Blocks production of angiotensin
II, dilates arterioles and veins, and decreases release of aldosterone. It
may show the adverse effects of hypotension, hyperkalemia, or
persistant cough, CARDIAC REMODELING
, carbenicillin Correct Ans- "Extended spectrum (antipseudomonal
penicillins), which has the same spectrum of activity as broad-spectrum
penicillins, plus treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
cefotaxime Correct Ans- "Third generation cephalosporin with activity
against meningitis and nosocomial infections resistant to others
(restricted use). It has greater activity against Gram negative bacteria,
increased resistance to beta-lactamases, and better ability to reach CSF.
cephalexin Correct Ans- "First generation cephalosporin poor activity
against Gram negative bacteria, sensitive to to most beta-lactamases,
unable to reach CSF. Used for Staphylococcus if mild penicillin allergy.
celecoxib Correct Ans- 2nd Generation Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory
Drug (COX-2 Selective NSAID); AE: risk of CV events, warfarin may
be more effective with celecoxib
cholestyramine Correct Ans- Inhibits bile reabsorption in intenstine,
increases LDL receptors in liver, accelerates bile excretion. Many of the
adverse effects result from the drug not being absorbed from GI,
including constipation and a decreased absorption of fat-soluble
vitamins (A, D, E, & K).
ciprofloxacin Correct Ans- fluoroquinolone
broad -cidal. PO tetracycline and cipro should NOT BE GIVEN WITH
ANTACIDS.
