Examl 1:l NRl 324/l NR324l (Latestl 2026/l
2027l Update)l Adultl Healthl Il Guide|l Q/Al
|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Answers)l -Chamberlain
Q:l Nutritionl relatedl tol potassium
Answer:
Dietl isl thel source
-Fruit,l driedl fruitsl andl vegetables
-Manyl saltl substitutesl containl substantiall K+
Q:l Nutritionl relatedl tol sodium
Answer:
-Dailyl intakel farl exceedsl bodysl dailyl requirments
-Glucosel promotesl sodiuml andl waterl absorption
Q:l Hypertonicl solutions
Answer:
initiallyl raisesl thel osmolalityl ofl ECFl andl expandsl it
-higherl osmoticl pressurel drawsl waterl outl ofl thel cellsl intol thel ECF
-Usefull inl treatmentl ofl hyponatremial andl traumal patientsl withl headl injuries
Q:l Isotonicl solutions
Answer:
hasl al similarl concentrationl ofl waterl andl electrolytesl tol plasma,l withl anl osmolalityl ofl
250l tol 375l mOsm/L
-administeringl anl isotonicl solutionl expandsl onlyl ECFl andl thel fluidl doesl notl movel intol
cells
,-thel ideall fluidl replacementl forl patientsl withl ECFl volumel deficits
Q:l Hypotonicl solutions
Answer:
solutionl hasl morel waterl thanl electrolytes,l withl anl osmolalityl ofl lessl thanl 250l mOsm/kg.
-Infusingl al hypotonicl solutionl dilutesl ECf
-goodl forl treatingl patientsl withl hypernatremia
Q:l Asl al nursel itl isl importantl tol rememberl whatl administrationl guidelinesl whenl
administeringl IVl KCL?
Answer:
•l IVl KCll mustl alwaysl bel dilutedl andl neverl givenl inl concentratedl amounts.
•l Neverl givel KCll vial IVl pushl orl asl al bolus.
•l Invertl IVl bagsl containingl KCll severall timesl tol ensurel evenl distributionl inl thel bag.
•l Dol notl addl KCll tol al hangingl IVl bagl tol preventl givingl al bolusl dose.
Q:l Hypernatremia
Answer:
Occursl whenl eitherl tool muchl waterl isl lostl orl notl enoughl waterl intake,l orl tool muchl
saltl isl takenl in
Q:l Whatl S/Sl shouldl thel nursel lookl forl whenl al patientl isl experiencingl hypernatremial
withl decreased,l normall andl increasedl ECFl volume?
Answer:
Hypernatremial withl decreasedl ECFl volume:l •l Restlessness,l agitation,l lethargy,l seizures,l
coma
•l Intensel thirst,l dryl swollenl tongue,l stickyl mucousl membranes
•l Posturall hypotension,l ↓l CVP,l weightl loss,l ↑l pulse
•l Weakness,l musclel cramps
Hypernatremial withl normall orl increasedl ECFl volume:l •l Restlessness,l agitation,l
twitching,l seizures,l coma
•l Intensel thirst,l flushedl skin
•l Weightl gain,l peripherall andl pulmonaryl edema,l ↑l BP,l ↑l CVP
,Q:l Sodiuml playsl al keyl rolel inl thel bodyl by...
Answer:
Transmittingl nervel impulses
Q:l Hyponatremia
Answer:
Occursl whenl thel bodyl losesl morel sodiuml thanl waterl andl therel isl al lowl levell ofl
sodiuml inl thel bloodl orl whenl tool muchl waterl isl takenl inl orl retainedl orl whenl therel isl
organl failure
Q:l Hyperkalemia
Answer:
Occursl whenl potassiuml levelsl inl yourl bloodl arel higherl thanl normal
-Excessl K+l intake
-Shiftl ofl K+l outl ofl cells
-Failurel tol eliminatel K+
Q:l Potassiuml isl cruciall forl __________l andl ____________l functionl withinl thel body?
Answer:
Neuromuscularl andl cardiacl function
Q:l Whatl S/Sl shouldl thel nursel lookl forl whenl al patientl isl experiencingl hyperkalemia?
Answer:
•l Fatigue,l irritability
•l Musclel weakness,l cramps
•l Lossl ofl musclel tone
•l Paresthesias,l decreasedl reflexes
•l Abdominall cramping,l diarrhea,l vomiting
•l Confusion
•l Irregularl pulse
•l Tetany
, Q:l Whatl S/Sl shouldl thel nursel lookl forl whenl al patientl isl experiencingl hyponatremial
withl decreased,l normall andl increasedl ECFl volume?
Answer:
Hyponatremial withl decreasedl ECFl volume:l •l Irritability,l apprehension,l confusion,l
dizziness,l personalityl changes,l tremors,l seizures,l coma
•l Dryl mucousl membranes
•l Posturall hypotension,l ↓l CVP,l ↓l jugularl venousl filling,l ↑l pulse,l threadyl pulse
•l Coldl andl clammyl skin
Hyponatremial withl normall orl increasedl ECFl volume:l •l Headache,l apathy,l confusion,l
musclel spasms,l seizures,l coma
•l Nausea,l vomiting,l diarrhea,l abdominall cramps
•l Weightl gain,l ↑l BP,l ↑l CVP
Q:l Hypokalemia
Answer:
Occursl whenl potassiuml levelsl inl yourl bloodl arel lowerl thanl normal
-K+l loss
-Shiftl ofl K+l intol cells
-Lackl ofl K+l intake
Q:l Whatl S/Sl shouldl thel nursel lookl forl whenl al patientl isl experiencingl hypokalemia?
Answer:
•l Fatigue
•l Musclel weakness,l legl cramps
•l Soft,l flabbyl muscles
•l Paresthesias,l decreasedl reflexes
•l Constipation,l nausea,l paralyticl ileus
•l Shallowl respirations
•l Weak,l irregularl pulse
•l Hyperglycemia
Q:l Hypermagnesmia
Answer:
Occursl whenl magnesiuml levelsl inl yourl bloodl arel higherl thanl normal
2027l Update)l Adultl Healthl Il Guide|l Q/Al
|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Answers)l -Chamberlain
Q:l Nutritionl relatedl tol potassium
Answer:
Dietl isl thel source
-Fruit,l driedl fruitsl andl vegetables
-Manyl saltl substitutesl containl substantiall K+
Q:l Nutritionl relatedl tol sodium
Answer:
-Dailyl intakel farl exceedsl bodysl dailyl requirments
-Glucosel promotesl sodiuml andl waterl absorption
Q:l Hypertonicl solutions
Answer:
initiallyl raisesl thel osmolalityl ofl ECFl andl expandsl it
-higherl osmoticl pressurel drawsl waterl outl ofl thel cellsl intol thel ECF
-Usefull inl treatmentl ofl hyponatremial andl traumal patientsl withl headl injuries
Q:l Isotonicl solutions
Answer:
hasl al similarl concentrationl ofl waterl andl electrolytesl tol plasma,l withl anl osmolalityl ofl
250l tol 375l mOsm/L
-administeringl anl isotonicl solutionl expandsl onlyl ECFl andl thel fluidl doesl notl movel intol
cells
,-thel ideall fluidl replacementl forl patientsl withl ECFl volumel deficits
Q:l Hypotonicl solutions
Answer:
solutionl hasl morel waterl thanl electrolytes,l withl anl osmolalityl ofl lessl thanl 250l mOsm/kg.
-Infusingl al hypotonicl solutionl dilutesl ECf
-goodl forl treatingl patientsl withl hypernatremia
Q:l Asl al nursel itl isl importantl tol rememberl whatl administrationl guidelinesl whenl
administeringl IVl KCL?
Answer:
•l IVl KCll mustl alwaysl bel dilutedl andl neverl givenl inl concentratedl amounts.
•l Neverl givel KCll vial IVl pushl orl asl al bolus.
•l Invertl IVl bagsl containingl KCll severall timesl tol ensurel evenl distributionl inl thel bag.
•l Dol notl addl KCll tol al hangingl IVl bagl tol preventl givingl al bolusl dose.
Q:l Hypernatremia
Answer:
Occursl whenl eitherl tool muchl waterl isl lostl orl notl enoughl waterl intake,l orl tool muchl
saltl isl takenl in
Q:l Whatl S/Sl shouldl thel nursel lookl forl whenl al patientl isl experiencingl hypernatremial
withl decreased,l normall andl increasedl ECFl volume?
Answer:
Hypernatremial withl decreasedl ECFl volume:l •l Restlessness,l agitation,l lethargy,l seizures,l
coma
•l Intensel thirst,l dryl swollenl tongue,l stickyl mucousl membranes
•l Posturall hypotension,l ↓l CVP,l weightl loss,l ↑l pulse
•l Weakness,l musclel cramps
Hypernatremial withl normall orl increasedl ECFl volume:l •l Restlessness,l agitation,l
twitching,l seizures,l coma
•l Intensel thirst,l flushedl skin
•l Weightl gain,l peripherall andl pulmonaryl edema,l ↑l BP,l ↑l CVP
,Q:l Sodiuml playsl al keyl rolel inl thel bodyl by...
Answer:
Transmittingl nervel impulses
Q:l Hyponatremia
Answer:
Occursl whenl thel bodyl losesl morel sodiuml thanl waterl andl therel isl al lowl levell ofl
sodiuml inl thel bloodl orl whenl tool muchl waterl isl takenl inl orl retainedl orl whenl therel isl
organl failure
Q:l Hyperkalemia
Answer:
Occursl whenl potassiuml levelsl inl yourl bloodl arel higherl thanl normal
-Excessl K+l intake
-Shiftl ofl K+l outl ofl cells
-Failurel tol eliminatel K+
Q:l Potassiuml isl cruciall forl __________l andl ____________l functionl withinl thel body?
Answer:
Neuromuscularl andl cardiacl function
Q:l Whatl S/Sl shouldl thel nursel lookl forl whenl al patientl isl experiencingl hyperkalemia?
Answer:
•l Fatigue,l irritability
•l Musclel weakness,l cramps
•l Lossl ofl musclel tone
•l Paresthesias,l decreasedl reflexes
•l Abdominall cramping,l diarrhea,l vomiting
•l Confusion
•l Irregularl pulse
•l Tetany
, Q:l Whatl S/Sl shouldl thel nursel lookl forl whenl al patientl isl experiencingl hyponatremial
withl decreased,l normall andl increasedl ECFl volume?
Answer:
Hyponatremial withl decreasedl ECFl volume:l •l Irritability,l apprehension,l confusion,l
dizziness,l personalityl changes,l tremors,l seizures,l coma
•l Dryl mucousl membranes
•l Posturall hypotension,l ↓l CVP,l ↓l jugularl venousl filling,l ↑l pulse,l threadyl pulse
•l Coldl andl clammyl skin
Hyponatremial withl normall orl increasedl ECFl volume:l •l Headache,l apathy,l confusion,l
musclel spasms,l seizures,l coma
•l Nausea,l vomiting,l diarrhea,l abdominall cramps
•l Weightl gain,l ↑l BP,l ↑l CVP
Q:l Hypokalemia
Answer:
Occursl whenl potassiuml levelsl inl yourl bloodl arel lowerl thanl normal
-K+l loss
-Shiftl ofl K+l intol cells
-Lackl ofl K+l intake
Q:l Whatl S/Sl shouldl thel nursel lookl forl whenl al patientl isl experiencingl hypokalemia?
Answer:
•l Fatigue
•l Musclel weakness,l legl cramps
•l Soft,l flabbyl muscles
•l Paresthesias,l decreasedl reflexes
•l Constipation,l nausea,l paralyticl ileus
•l Shallowl respirations
•l Weak,l irregularl pulse
•l Hyperglycemia
Q:l Hypermagnesmia
Answer:
Occursl whenl magnesiuml levelsl inl yourl bloodl arel higherl thanl normal
