GLPH 271 – Module 3: Complete Notes and Key Concepts with
Detailed Explanations
Global Burden of Disease (GBD) - ANS ✔Global Burden of Disease (G B D) is a measure of total
health loss from hundreds of diseases and injuries (and their risk factors) that provides insight
into the health status of different populations throughout the world
Health categories used to report GBD - ANS ✔They organize diseases and illnesses into three
main groups
Group 1 - Communicable, maternal, neonatal, perinatal, and nutritional disorders (e.g.
tuberculosis, H I V, malaria)
Group 2- Non- Communicable Diseases (e.g. coronary artery disease, cancer, mental illness)
Group 3- Injuries (e.g. car crashes, suicide, and war injuries)
Socio-demographic index - ANS ✔It studies
1. Average income
2.Education
3.Fertility rates
Disability adjusted life years (DALY) - ANS ✔a measure of overall disease burden, which is
expressed as the cumulative number of years lost due to ill-health, disability, or early death
Years lived with disability (YLD) - ANS ✔Y L D multiplies the number of years a person has a
condition that affects their quality of life
, Years of life lost (YLL) - ANS ✔Measure of premature mortality
Has two defining characteristics
Equation-
GBD compare tool - ANS ✔The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (I H M E):
I H M E makes this information freely available so that policymakers have the evidence they
need to make informed decisions about how to allocate resources to best improve population
health
Communicable Diseases - ANS ✔communicable diseases spread from one person to another,
from an animal, or even the environment to a person
Burden of communicable diseases - ANS ✔Communicable diseases such as H I V, tuberculosis,
and malaria, present a significant burden for low- income countries (over 50% of total DALYs in
some Low S D I countries) but less than 10% for high-income countries
HIV - ANS ✔H I V is a disease that attacks the body's white blood cells and weakens the body's
immune system
Tuberculosis - ANS ✔Causes by mycobacterium tuberculosis a bacterium that has infected one
quarter of the world's population
Indigenous TB - ANS ✔Much higher for indigenous peoples greater risk of contracting and
developing active T B often due to lack of health promoting conditions.
Malaria - ANS ✔Malaria is caused by the parasite Plasmodium, which can be transmitted
between humans by mosquitoes
Malaria Transmission Cycle - ANS ✔->First infected mosquito
Detailed Explanations
Global Burden of Disease (GBD) - ANS ✔Global Burden of Disease (G B D) is a measure of total
health loss from hundreds of diseases and injuries (and their risk factors) that provides insight
into the health status of different populations throughout the world
Health categories used to report GBD - ANS ✔They organize diseases and illnesses into three
main groups
Group 1 - Communicable, maternal, neonatal, perinatal, and nutritional disorders (e.g.
tuberculosis, H I V, malaria)
Group 2- Non- Communicable Diseases (e.g. coronary artery disease, cancer, mental illness)
Group 3- Injuries (e.g. car crashes, suicide, and war injuries)
Socio-demographic index - ANS ✔It studies
1. Average income
2.Education
3.Fertility rates
Disability adjusted life years (DALY) - ANS ✔a measure of overall disease burden, which is
expressed as the cumulative number of years lost due to ill-health, disability, or early death
Years lived with disability (YLD) - ANS ✔Y L D multiplies the number of years a person has a
condition that affects their quality of life
, Years of life lost (YLL) - ANS ✔Measure of premature mortality
Has two defining characteristics
Equation-
GBD compare tool - ANS ✔The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (I H M E):
I H M E makes this information freely available so that policymakers have the evidence they
need to make informed decisions about how to allocate resources to best improve population
health
Communicable Diseases - ANS ✔communicable diseases spread from one person to another,
from an animal, or even the environment to a person
Burden of communicable diseases - ANS ✔Communicable diseases such as H I V, tuberculosis,
and malaria, present a significant burden for low- income countries (over 50% of total DALYs in
some Low S D I countries) but less than 10% for high-income countries
HIV - ANS ✔H I V is a disease that attacks the body's white blood cells and weakens the body's
immune system
Tuberculosis - ANS ✔Causes by mycobacterium tuberculosis a bacterium that has infected one
quarter of the world's population
Indigenous TB - ANS ✔Much higher for indigenous peoples greater risk of contracting and
developing active T B often due to lack of health promoting conditions.
Malaria - ANS ✔Malaria is caused by the parasite Plasmodium, which can be transmitted
between humans by mosquitoes
Malaria Transmission Cycle - ANS ✔->First infected mosquito
