Neurological Assessment – Cranial Nerves & Motor Neurons 2025/2026 | 60+ Solved Questions on Stroke Types, Reflexes, Aphasia, Lesions, LOC & Spinal Cord Syndromes

This detailed 2025/2026 exam guide features 60+ solved questions and correct answers covering key neurological assessment topics, with a focus on cranial nerves, upper and lower motor neurons, spinal cord injuries, and stroke-related conditions. It provides an in-depth clinical understanding of both normal and pathological neurological function, making it essential for healthcare students preparing for exams, clinical check-offs, or licensing assessments. Covered topics include: Cranial Nerves (I–XII): functions, testing, and associated deficits (e.g., facial nerve, optic nerve, vagus nerve) Motor Neurons & Lesions: differences between upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN) lesions, including hyperreflexia, spasticity, flaccid paralysis, and muscle atrophy Neurological Conditions: aphasia (expressive, receptive, mixed), hemianopia, ataxia, apraxia, dysarthria, and dysphagia Spinal Cord Syndromes: Brown-Séquard, central cord, anterior cord, and posterior cord syndromes Stroke Types & Risks: ischemic vs hemorrhagic strokes, transient ischemic attacks (TIA), pediatric and pregnancy-related strokes, and U.S. regional disparities (e.g., stroke belt) Cultural & Aging Factors: beliefs affecting stroke perception, and normal age-related neurological changes like decreased proprioception or slower DTRs Reflexes & Consciousness: Babinski sign, deep tendon reflexes (DTRs), decerebrate and decorticate posturing, levels of consciousness (LOC), and the Act FAST protocol Ideal for students in: Nursing Programs (BSN, ADN, LPN/LVN) Medical Assisting & Clinical Technician Courses Neuroanatomy, Neurology, and Pathophysiology Modules NCLEX-RN, NCLEX-PN, and Health Science Board Prep Allied Health & Pre-Med Courses involving neurological assessments Whether you're reviewing for exams or improving clinical diagnostic skills, this guide ensures you’re well-prepared to assess and interpret neurological signs across patient populations. Keywords: cranial nerves, upper motor neuron, lower motor neuron, UMN lesion, LMN lesion, stroke types, TIA, reflexes, Babinski sign, DTRs, LOC, aphasia, ataxia, apraxia, dysphagia, spinal cord syndromes, Brown-Séquard syndrome, central cord syndrome, decerebrate posturing, decorticate posturing, neurological assessment