TEST BANK FOR ADVANCED ASSESSMENT: I
z z z z zz
NTERPRETING FINDINGS AND FORMULATIz z zz
NG DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 5TH EDITIO
z zz z z
N, MARY JO GOOLSBY, LAURIE GRUBBS ISBN
z z zz z z z
-10; 1719645930 / ISBN-13;978-1719645935
z z z z
,Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
z z z z z z
MultiplezChoice
Identifyzthezchoicezthatzbestzcompleteszthezstatementzorzanswerszthezquestion.
1. Whichztypezofzclinicalzdecision-makingziszmostzreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Whichzofzthezfollowingziszfalse?zTozobtainzadequatezhistory,zhealth-carezproviderszmustzbe:
A. Methodicalzandzsystematic
B. Attentiveztozthezpatient’szverbalzandznonverbalzlanguage
C. Ableztozaccuratelyzinterpretzthezpatient’szresponses
D. Adeptzatzreadingzintozthezpatient’szstatements
3. Essentialzpartszofzazhealthzhistoryzincludezallzofzthezfollowingzexcept:
A. Chiefzcomplaint
B. Historyzofzthezpresentzillness
C. Currentzvitalzsigns
D. Allzofzthezabovezarezessentialzhistoryzcomponents
4. Whichzofzthezfollowingziszfalse?zWhilezperformingzthezphysicalzexamination,zthezexaminerzmustzbeza
blezto:
A. Differentiatezbetweenznormalzandzabnormalzfindings
B. Recallzknowledgezofzazrangezofzconditionszandztheirzassociatedzsignszandzsymptoms
C. Recognizezhowzcertainzconditionszaffectzthezresponseztozotherzconditions
D. Foreseezunpredictablezfindings
5. Thezfollowingziszthezleastzreliablezsourcezofzinformationzforzdiagnosticzstatistics:
A. Evidence-basedzinvestigations
B. Primaryzreportszofzresearch
C. Estimationzbasedzonzazprovider’szexperience
D. Publishedzmeta-analyses
6. Thezfollowingzcanzbezusedztozassistzinzsoundzclinicalzdecision-making:
A. Algorithmzpublishedzinzazpeer-reviewedzjournalzarticle
B. Clinicalzpracticezguidelines
C. Evidence-basedzresearch
D. Allzofzthezabove
7. Ifzazdiagnosticzstudyzhaszhighzsensitivity,zthiszindicatesza:
A. Highzpercentagezofzpersonszwithzthezgivenzconditionzwillzhavezanzabnormalzresult
B. Lowzpercentagezofzpersonszwithzthezgivenzconditionzwillzhavezanzabnormalzresult
C. Lowzlikelihoodzofznormalzresultzinzpersonszwithoutzazgivenzcondition
D. Nonezofzthezabove
, 8. Ifzazdiagnosticzstudyzhaszhighzspecificity,zthiszindicatesza:
A. Lowzpercentagezofzhealthyzindividualszwillzshowzaznormalzresult
B. Highzpercentagezofzhealthyzindividualszwillzshowzaznormalzresult
C. Highzpercentagezofzindividualszwithzazdisorderzwillzshowzaznormalzresult
D. Lowzpercentagezofzindividualszwithzazdisorderzwillzshowzanzabnormalzresult
9. Azlikelihoodzratiozabovez1zindicateszthatzazdiagnosticztestzshowingza:
A. Positivezresultziszstronglyzassociatedzwithzthezdisease
B. Negativezresultziszstronglyzassociatedzwithzabsencezofzthezdisease
C. Positivezresultziszweaklyzassociatedzwithzthezdisease
D. Negativezresultziszweaklyzassociatedzwithzabsencezofzthezdisease
z 10.zWhichzofzthezfollowingzclinicalzreasoningztoolsziszdefinedzaszevidence-
basedzresourcezbasedzonzmathematicalzmodelingztozexpresszthezlikelihoodzofzazconditionzinzselectzsitu
ations,zsettings,zand/orzpatients?
A. Clinicalzpracticezguideline
B. Clinicalzdecisionzrule
C. Clinicalzalgorithm
D. Clinicalzrecommendation
, Answer Section
z
MULTIPLEzCHOICE
1. ANS:z z B
Croskerryz(2009)zdescribesztwozmajorztypeszofzclinicalzdiagnosticzdecision-
making:zintuitivezandzanalytical.zIntuitivezdecision-makingz(similarztozAugenblinkzdecision-
making)ziszbasedzonzthezexperiencezandzintuitionzofzthezclinicianzandziszlesszreliablezandzpairedzwithzf
airlyzcommonzerrors.zInzcontrast,zanalyticalzdecision-
makingziszbasedzonzcarefulzconsiderationzandzhaszgreaterzreliabilityzwithzrarezerrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS:z z D
Tozobtainzadequatezhistory,zproviderszmustzbezwellzorganized,zattentiveztozthezpatient’szverbalzandznon
verbalzlanguage,zandzableztozaccuratelyzinterpretzthezpatient’szresponsesztozquestions.zRatherzthanzrea
dingzintozthezpatient’szstatements,ztheyzclarifyzanyzareaszofzuncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS:z z C
Vitalzsignszarezpartzofzthezphysicalzexaminationzportionzofzpatientzassessment,znotzpartzofzthezhealthzhist
ory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS:z z D
Whilezperformingzthezphysicalzexamination,zthezexaminerzmustzbezableztozdifferentiatezbetweenznorm
alzandzabnormalzfindings,zrecallzknowledgezofzazrangezofzconditions,zincludingztheirzassociatedzsignsz
andzsymptoms,zrecognizezhowzcertainzconditionszaffectzthezresponseztozotherzconditions,zandzdisting
uishzthezrelevancezofzvariedzabnormalzfindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS:z z C
Sourceszforzdiagnosticzstatisticszincludeztextbooks,zprimaryzreportszofzresearch,zandzpublishedzmeta
-
analyses.zAnotherzsourcezofzstatistics,zthezonezthatzhaszbeenzmostzwidelyzusedzandzavailablezforzappl
icationztozthezreasoningzprocess,ziszthezestimationzbasedzonzazprovider’szexperience,zalthoughzthesez
arezrarelyzaccurate.zOverzthezpastzdecade,zthezavailabilityzofzevidencezonzwhichztozbasezclinicalzreaso
ningziszimproving,zandzthereziszanzincreasingzexpectationzthatzclinicalzreasoningzbezbasedzonzscientifi
czevidence.zEvidence-
basedzstatisticszarezalsozincreasinglyzbeingzusedztozdevelopzresourcesztozfacilitatezclinicalzdecision-
making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS:z z D
Tozassistzinzclinicalzdecision-making,zaznumberzofzevidence-
basedzresourceszhavezbeenzdevelopedztozassistzthezclinician.zResources,zsuchzaszalgorithmszandzclini
calzpracticezguidelines,zassistzinzclinicalzreasoningzwhenzproperlyzapplied.
z z z z zz
NTERPRETING FINDINGS AND FORMULATIz z zz
NG DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 5TH EDITIO
z zz z z
N, MARY JO GOOLSBY, LAURIE GRUBBS ISBN
z z zz z z z
-10; 1719645930 / ISBN-13;978-1719645935
z z z z
,Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
z z z z z z
MultiplezChoice
Identifyzthezchoicezthatzbestzcompleteszthezstatementzorzanswerszthezquestion.
1. Whichztypezofzclinicalzdecision-makingziszmostzreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Whichzofzthezfollowingziszfalse?zTozobtainzadequatezhistory,zhealth-carezproviderszmustzbe:
A. Methodicalzandzsystematic
B. Attentiveztozthezpatient’szverbalzandznonverbalzlanguage
C. Ableztozaccuratelyzinterpretzthezpatient’szresponses
D. Adeptzatzreadingzintozthezpatient’szstatements
3. Essentialzpartszofzazhealthzhistoryzincludezallzofzthezfollowingzexcept:
A. Chiefzcomplaint
B. Historyzofzthezpresentzillness
C. Currentzvitalzsigns
D. Allzofzthezabovezarezessentialzhistoryzcomponents
4. Whichzofzthezfollowingziszfalse?zWhilezperformingzthezphysicalzexamination,zthezexaminerzmustzbeza
blezto:
A. Differentiatezbetweenznormalzandzabnormalzfindings
B. Recallzknowledgezofzazrangezofzconditionszandztheirzassociatedzsignszandzsymptoms
C. Recognizezhowzcertainzconditionszaffectzthezresponseztozotherzconditions
D. Foreseezunpredictablezfindings
5. Thezfollowingziszthezleastzreliablezsourcezofzinformationzforzdiagnosticzstatistics:
A. Evidence-basedzinvestigations
B. Primaryzreportszofzresearch
C. Estimationzbasedzonzazprovider’szexperience
D. Publishedzmeta-analyses
6. Thezfollowingzcanzbezusedztozassistzinzsoundzclinicalzdecision-making:
A. Algorithmzpublishedzinzazpeer-reviewedzjournalzarticle
B. Clinicalzpracticezguidelines
C. Evidence-basedzresearch
D. Allzofzthezabove
7. Ifzazdiagnosticzstudyzhaszhighzsensitivity,zthiszindicatesza:
A. Highzpercentagezofzpersonszwithzthezgivenzconditionzwillzhavezanzabnormalzresult
B. Lowzpercentagezofzpersonszwithzthezgivenzconditionzwillzhavezanzabnormalzresult
C. Lowzlikelihoodzofznormalzresultzinzpersonszwithoutzazgivenzcondition
D. Nonezofzthezabove
, 8. Ifzazdiagnosticzstudyzhaszhighzspecificity,zthiszindicatesza:
A. Lowzpercentagezofzhealthyzindividualszwillzshowzaznormalzresult
B. Highzpercentagezofzhealthyzindividualszwillzshowzaznormalzresult
C. Highzpercentagezofzindividualszwithzazdisorderzwillzshowzaznormalzresult
D. Lowzpercentagezofzindividualszwithzazdisorderzwillzshowzanzabnormalzresult
9. Azlikelihoodzratiozabovez1zindicateszthatzazdiagnosticztestzshowingza:
A. Positivezresultziszstronglyzassociatedzwithzthezdisease
B. Negativezresultziszstronglyzassociatedzwithzabsencezofzthezdisease
C. Positivezresultziszweaklyzassociatedzwithzthezdisease
D. Negativezresultziszweaklyzassociatedzwithzabsencezofzthezdisease
z 10.zWhichzofzthezfollowingzclinicalzreasoningztoolsziszdefinedzaszevidence-
basedzresourcezbasedzonzmathematicalzmodelingztozexpresszthezlikelihoodzofzazconditionzinzselectzsitu
ations,zsettings,zand/orzpatients?
A. Clinicalzpracticezguideline
B. Clinicalzdecisionzrule
C. Clinicalzalgorithm
D. Clinicalzrecommendation
, Answer Section
z
MULTIPLEzCHOICE
1. ANS:z z B
Croskerryz(2009)zdescribesztwozmajorztypeszofzclinicalzdiagnosticzdecision-
making:zintuitivezandzanalytical.zIntuitivezdecision-makingz(similarztozAugenblinkzdecision-
making)ziszbasedzonzthezexperiencezandzintuitionzofzthezclinicianzandziszlesszreliablezandzpairedzwithzf
airlyzcommonzerrors.zInzcontrast,zanalyticalzdecision-
makingziszbasedzonzcarefulzconsiderationzandzhaszgreaterzreliabilityzwithzrarezerrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS:z z D
Tozobtainzadequatezhistory,zproviderszmustzbezwellzorganized,zattentiveztozthezpatient’szverbalzandznon
verbalzlanguage,zandzableztozaccuratelyzinterpretzthezpatient’szresponsesztozquestions.zRatherzthanzrea
dingzintozthezpatient’szstatements,ztheyzclarifyzanyzareaszofzuncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS:z z C
Vitalzsignszarezpartzofzthezphysicalzexaminationzportionzofzpatientzassessment,znotzpartzofzthezhealthzhist
ory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS:z z D
Whilezperformingzthezphysicalzexamination,zthezexaminerzmustzbezableztozdifferentiatezbetweenznorm
alzandzabnormalzfindings,zrecallzknowledgezofzazrangezofzconditions,zincludingztheirzassociatedzsignsz
andzsymptoms,zrecognizezhowzcertainzconditionszaffectzthezresponseztozotherzconditions,zandzdisting
uishzthezrelevancezofzvariedzabnormalzfindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS:z z C
Sourceszforzdiagnosticzstatisticszincludeztextbooks,zprimaryzreportszofzresearch,zandzpublishedzmeta
-
analyses.zAnotherzsourcezofzstatistics,zthezonezthatzhaszbeenzmostzwidelyzusedzandzavailablezforzappl
icationztozthezreasoningzprocess,ziszthezestimationzbasedzonzazprovider’szexperience,zalthoughzthesez
arezrarelyzaccurate.zOverzthezpastzdecade,zthezavailabilityzofzevidencezonzwhichztozbasezclinicalzreaso
ningziszimproving,zandzthereziszanzincreasingzexpectationzthatzclinicalzreasoningzbezbasedzonzscientifi
czevidence.zEvidence-
basedzstatisticszarezalsozincreasinglyzbeingzusedztozdevelopzresourcesztozfacilitatezclinicalzdecision-
making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS:z z D
Tozassistzinzclinicalzdecision-making,zaznumberzofzevidence-
basedzresourceszhavezbeenzdevelopedztozassistzthezclinician.zResources,zsuchzaszalgorithmszandzclini
calzpracticezguidelines,zassistzinzclinicalzreasoningzwhenzproperlyzapplied.
