Porth's Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health 10th Edition Test Bank
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Page 1
ppkl
, Chapter 1- Concepts of Health and Disease
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1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
on the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
comments made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
considered a good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
book reviews and word games during social time
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B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
care facilities ppkl ppkl
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
diabetes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
classes ppkl
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
sessions ppkl
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children
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Ans: A, B, C, E
ppkl p p k l ppkl ppkl ppkl
Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as ―a state of complete physical, mental,
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.‖
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
Engaging in book reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
helps facilitate physical well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
with facilitating physical well-being even though the person has a chronic disease.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
Handwashing is vital in the prevention of disease and spread of germs.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
large variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
nurse is referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
Health and Human Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects
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discussed, which would be considered a determinant of health that is outside
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
the focus of this report?
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A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
descent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
stress. ppkl
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to
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hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
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C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
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D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
health care facilities.
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Ans: B p p k l
Feedback:
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
promoting health for all (which includes having good health care benefits); and
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
promoting good health (which includes living in a clean community with good access
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
to health care). A client's noncompliance with treatments to control high cholesterol
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
levels within the presence of a family history of CV disease does not meet the
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
―attaining lives free of preventable disease and premature death‖ determinant.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
Page 2 ppkl
,3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large,
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
between diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
disease. Which of the following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences
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of molecules that cause disease?
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A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
packed red blood cells
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B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
familial hypercholesterolemia
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C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
therapy and chest physiotherapy
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D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
is HIV positive.ppkl ppkl ppkl
Ans: D p p k l
Feedback:
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
Sickle cell anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
of the effects of abnormal molecules.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
a number of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
following aspects of clients' situations best characterizes pathogenesis rather than
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
etiology?
ppkl
A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
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C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
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D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
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Ans: B
ppkl p p k l
Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
increasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
traumatic injuries are examples of etiologic factors.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
Page 3 ppkl
, 5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
arrived to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
of the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
patient verifies to the nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
coronary artery disease?
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A) ―All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks.‖
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
B) ―My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
like French fries every day.‖
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C) ―Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
it easy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.‖
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
D) ―If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
veins causing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
heart attack.‖ ppkl ppkl
Ans: C p p k l
Feedback:
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
from a fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
artery disease. Risk factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
fat, and lack of exercise.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
6. A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
the client for the first time. Which of the following aspects of the patient's current
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
state of health would be best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
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B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung
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fields bilaterally.
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D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute.
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Ans: B
ppkl p p k l
Feedback:
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health problem,
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
such as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds,
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
and respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of disease.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
Page 4 ppkl
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
Page 1
ppkl
, Chapter 1- Concepts of Health and Disease
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
on the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
comments made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
considered a good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
book reviews and word games during social time
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
care facilities ppkl ppkl
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
diabetes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
classes ppkl
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
sessions ppkl
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
Ans: A, B, C, E
ppkl p p k l ppkl ppkl ppkl
Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as ―a state of complete physical, mental,
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.‖
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
Engaging in book reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
helps facilitate physical well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
with facilitating physical well-being even though the person has a chronic disease.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
Handwashing is vital in the prevention of disease and spread of germs.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
large variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
nurse is referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
Health and Human Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
discussed, which would be considered a determinant of health that is outside
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
the focus of this report?
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
descent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
stress. ppkl
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
health care facilities.
ppkl ppkl ppkl
Ans: B p p k l
Feedback:
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
promoting health for all (which includes having good health care benefits); and
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
promoting good health (which includes living in a clean community with good access
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
to health care). A client's noncompliance with treatments to control high cholesterol
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
levels within the presence of a family history of CV disease does not meet the
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
―attaining lives free of preventable disease and premature death‖ determinant.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
Page 2 ppkl
,3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large,
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
between diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
disease. Which of the following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
of molecules that cause disease?
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
packed red blood cells
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
familial hypercholesterolemia
ppkl ppkl
C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
therapy and chest physiotherapy
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
is HIV positive.ppkl ppkl ppkl
Ans: D p p k l
Feedback:
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
Sickle cell anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
of the effects of abnormal molecules.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
a number of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
following aspects of clients' situations best characterizes pathogenesis rather than
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
etiology?
ppkl
A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
Ans: B
ppkl p p k l
Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
increasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
traumatic injuries are examples of etiologic factors.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
Page 3 ppkl
, 5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
arrived to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
of the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
patient verifies to the nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
coronary artery disease?
ppkl ppkl ppkl
A) ―All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks.‖
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
B) ―My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
like French fries every day.‖
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
C) ―Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
it easy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.‖
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
D) ―If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
veins causing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
heart attack.‖ ppkl ppkl
Ans: C p p k l
Feedback:
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
from a fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
artery disease. Risk factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
fat, and lack of exercise.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
6. A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
the client for the first time. Which of the following aspects of the patient's current
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
state of health would be best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
fields bilaterally.
ppkl ppkl
D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
Ans: B
ppkl p p k l
Feedback:
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health problem,
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
such as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds,
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
and respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of disease.
ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl ppkl
Page 4 ppkl
