Pharmacology Module #1,#2 & #3 EXAM
REVIEW, Pharmacology Module 3, Adv
Pharm 5334 UTA Exam 1 Questions And
Answers With Verified Solutions 100% Correct.
What are the four phases of pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER -
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Bioavailability - ANSWER The extent of drug that becomes
available to the body after absorption
"Free Drug" - ANSWER - The drug that is not bound to protein that
is free to exert a therapeutic effect
Nicotine is a? What (3) effects does it have? - ANSWER - A CYP 450
inducer
- Increase metabolism of drug and result in decreased effects and shortened
half-life
Grapefruit Juice is a? What (3) effects does it have? - ANSWER -A
CYP 450 Inhibitor
- Decreased metabolism
- Drug toxicity
- Shorted half life
Kidneys - ANSWER The main organs responsible for drug excretion
Half-life - ANSWER The time required for one half of the drug to be
removed from the body
Peak Effect - ANSWER The time taken for the drug to reach
maximum therapeutic response
Peak Level - ANSWER - The highest concentration of drug in blood
Drug Polymorphism - ANSWER The effect of a patient's age,
gender, size, body composition and other characteristics on the
pharmacokinetics of a specific drug
Drug Polymorphism can be categorized into what (3) different factors. -
ANSWER 1. Environmental (diet & nutritional status)
,2. Cultural
3. Genetic factors
How can high-fat diets affect absorption? How can malnutrition affect
absorption? - ANSWER - High Fat Diets = increased absorption of
many drugs
- Malnutrition = alter the ability to absorb or eliminate medication
Drugs like Heroin and LSD are considered category ____? - ANSWER
- Category I
The normal range for albumin is _____ - _____ grams/dL - ANSWER -
4-6 grams/dl
If the gastric pH level is high, this means the stomach is more _______ than
normal. - ANSWER - Alkaline
Prodrug - ANSWER - A drug that is converted from an inactive form
into an active metabolite through biotransformation in the liver
Paradoxical Reaction - ANSWER - The opposite reaction than what
is expected with the specific drug
The three names for Medications? - ANSWER - Chemical, trade and
generic
Chemical name of a drug refers to? - ANSWER - The chemical
structure
Trade name / brand name of a medication - ANSWER - proprietary
name
- more expensive than generic
- Shorter, easier name
Generic Medication - ANSWER - Most commonly used
- most prescriptions are
Pharmacokinetics of Oral Medications (4 steps) - ANSWER 1. Drug
is ingested
2. Disintegrated
,3. Forms a dissolution
4. Absorption can occur
What is absorption? - ANSWER - The movement of a drug from its
site of administration into the bloodstream for distributions to tissues
A drug that is absorbed through the intestines must ______ pass through the
_______ before it reaches the ________ circulation. - ANSWER -A
drug that is absorbed through the intestines must first pass through the liver
before it reaches the systemic circulation
High first-pass effect - ANSWER - A large portion is changed into an
inactive metabolite
Which routes of medication administration would be impacted by first pass
effect? - ANSWER - Anything GI related can have first pass effect
- Oral and Rectal administration
Which routes will not be impacted by first-pass effect? - ANSWER -
Parenteral and topical
What are the (3) basic routes of medication administration? - ANSWER
- Enteral, Parenteral, and topical
What is enteral route of medication administration? - ANSWER - Is
absorbed through the GI mucosa
What is parenteral route of medication administration? What does it normally
refer to? - ANSWER - The fastest route
- Any route other than the GI tract
- Normally refers to injection
-
Would the dose of medication for an oral tablet be the same as intravenous
injection of the same medication? Why or Why Not? Which will have a larger
dose? - ANSWER - No
- The intravenous route bypasses the liver
- The oral dose will be much larger
If the drug has a high first pass rate would you give the same dose IV as you
did PO? Why or why not? - ANSWER - No
, - You would want to give a smaller dose IV
What is the topical route? Examples? - ANSWER - Application of
medicine to body surfaces
- Ex: Ointments, gels and creams
What is the transdermal route of medication? What is it used for? Drug
absorption rate? How long can it last? - ANSWER - medication
delivery through adhesive patches
- Used for systemic effect
- Constant rate of drug absorption
- One patch can last 1-7 days
Inhalation is which type of route? - ANSWER - Topical
(5) things that can impact absorption? (basic not definitions too) -
ANSWER - Blood flow
- Food
- Temperature of food
- Gastric pH
- Interactions of medications
How can blood flow impact absorption? - ANSWER - Blood flow to
the GI tract can be decreased in the old and very young or individuals with
shock
How can food impact absorption? - ANSWER - Delay absorption and
binding
How can food temperature impact absorption? Effect of Hot & Cold? -
ANSWER - Hot foods = vasodilation which can increase absorption of
medications
- Cold foods = can cause vasoconstriction which can delay the absorption of
medication
How can Increased Gastric pH impact absorption? - ANSWER -
Stomach more alkaline
REVIEW, Pharmacology Module 3, Adv
Pharm 5334 UTA Exam 1 Questions And
Answers With Verified Solutions 100% Correct.
What are the four phases of pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER -
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Bioavailability - ANSWER The extent of drug that becomes
available to the body after absorption
"Free Drug" - ANSWER - The drug that is not bound to protein that
is free to exert a therapeutic effect
Nicotine is a? What (3) effects does it have? - ANSWER - A CYP 450
inducer
- Increase metabolism of drug and result in decreased effects and shortened
half-life
Grapefruit Juice is a? What (3) effects does it have? - ANSWER -A
CYP 450 Inhibitor
- Decreased metabolism
- Drug toxicity
- Shorted half life
Kidneys - ANSWER The main organs responsible for drug excretion
Half-life - ANSWER The time required for one half of the drug to be
removed from the body
Peak Effect - ANSWER The time taken for the drug to reach
maximum therapeutic response
Peak Level - ANSWER - The highest concentration of drug in blood
Drug Polymorphism - ANSWER The effect of a patient's age,
gender, size, body composition and other characteristics on the
pharmacokinetics of a specific drug
Drug Polymorphism can be categorized into what (3) different factors. -
ANSWER 1. Environmental (diet & nutritional status)
,2. Cultural
3. Genetic factors
How can high-fat diets affect absorption? How can malnutrition affect
absorption? - ANSWER - High Fat Diets = increased absorption of
many drugs
- Malnutrition = alter the ability to absorb or eliminate medication
Drugs like Heroin and LSD are considered category ____? - ANSWER
- Category I
The normal range for albumin is _____ - _____ grams/dL - ANSWER -
4-6 grams/dl
If the gastric pH level is high, this means the stomach is more _______ than
normal. - ANSWER - Alkaline
Prodrug - ANSWER - A drug that is converted from an inactive form
into an active metabolite through biotransformation in the liver
Paradoxical Reaction - ANSWER - The opposite reaction than what
is expected with the specific drug
The three names for Medications? - ANSWER - Chemical, trade and
generic
Chemical name of a drug refers to? - ANSWER - The chemical
structure
Trade name / brand name of a medication - ANSWER - proprietary
name
- more expensive than generic
- Shorter, easier name
Generic Medication - ANSWER - Most commonly used
- most prescriptions are
Pharmacokinetics of Oral Medications (4 steps) - ANSWER 1. Drug
is ingested
2. Disintegrated
,3. Forms a dissolution
4. Absorption can occur
What is absorption? - ANSWER - The movement of a drug from its
site of administration into the bloodstream for distributions to tissues
A drug that is absorbed through the intestines must ______ pass through the
_______ before it reaches the ________ circulation. - ANSWER -A
drug that is absorbed through the intestines must first pass through the liver
before it reaches the systemic circulation
High first-pass effect - ANSWER - A large portion is changed into an
inactive metabolite
Which routes of medication administration would be impacted by first pass
effect? - ANSWER - Anything GI related can have first pass effect
- Oral and Rectal administration
Which routes will not be impacted by first-pass effect? - ANSWER -
Parenteral and topical
What are the (3) basic routes of medication administration? - ANSWER
- Enteral, Parenteral, and topical
What is enteral route of medication administration? - ANSWER - Is
absorbed through the GI mucosa
What is parenteral route of medication administration? What does it normally
refer to? - ANSWER - The fastest route
- Any route other than the GI tract
- Normally refers to injection
-
Would the dose of medication for an oral tablet be the same as intravenous
injection of the same medication? Why or Why Not? Which will have a larger
dose? - ANSWER - No
- The intravenous route bypasses the liver
- The oral dose will be much larger
If the drug has a high first pass rate would you give the same dose IV as you
did PO? Why or why not? - ANSWER - No
, - You would want to give a smaller dose IV
What is the topical route? Examples? - ANSWER - Application of
medicine to body surfaces
- Ex: Ointments, gels and creams
What is the transdermal route of medication? What is it used for? Drug
absorption rate? How long can it last? - ANSWER - medication
delivery through adhesive patches
- Used for systemic effect
- Constant rate of drug absorption
- One patch can last 1-7 days
Inhalation is which type of route? - ANSWER - Topical
(5) things that can impact absorption? (basic not definitions too) -
ANSWER - Blood flow
- Food
- Temperature of food
- Gastric pH
- Interactions of medications
How can blood flow impact absorption? - ANSWER - Blood flow to
the GI tract can be decreased in the old and very young or individuals with
shock
How can food impact absorption? - ANSWER - Delay absorption and
binding
How can food temperature impact absorption? Effect of Hot & Cold? -
ANSWER - Hot foods = vasodilation which can increase absorption of
medications
- Cold foods = can cause vasoconstriction which can delay the absorption of
medication
How can Increased Gastric pH impact absorption? - ANSWER -
Stomach more alkaline
