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Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
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Benjamin A. Pierce
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www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLE OF CONTENTgg gg
Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics ...................................................................................................................... 3
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Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction ......................................................................................... 15
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Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity .............................................................................................................. 32
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Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ............................................................................ 59
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Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping ................................................................ 98
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Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation .................................................................................................................... 115
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Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems ............................................................................................... 139
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Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ......................................................................................... 152
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Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination ............................................................................................. 181
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Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing.......................................................... 198
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Chapter 11: From DNA to Proteins: Translation ................................................................................................ 224
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Chapter 12: Control of Gene Expression ............................................................................................................ 244
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Chapter 13: Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair .......................................................... 278
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Chapter 14: Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology ............................................................................. 298
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Chapter 15: Genomics and Proteomics ............................................................................................................... 314
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Chapter 16: Cancer Genetics ............................................................................................................................... 332
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Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics ....................................................................................................................... 346
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Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics ............................................................................................ 366
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www.PlusBay.Plus
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
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1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people.
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However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona.
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Explain in terms of natural selection why albinism is so rare in most human populations.
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ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don’t produce
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melanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects of sunlight. Also,
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the lack of melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Finally, in most cultures
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albinos are seen as abnormal, and they are not normally sought out for marriage and mating.
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Therefore, in most populations the alleles that cause albinism are selected against, and they
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decrease in frequency or are kept at a low level, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
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2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people.
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However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona.
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Explain in terms of natural selection why the trait is so much more common among the Hopis of Black
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Mesa.
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ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture, albinos
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are viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy positions of
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leadership. Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi blood in the
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community. gg
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their sensitivity to gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
sunlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during the daytime. This
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allows them extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the village. Therefore, the
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alleles that cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least not selected against as
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strongly as in other cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher frequency.
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3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the phenomenon
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is INCORRECT?
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a. evolution—population genetics gg
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
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c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
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d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics gg gg gg gg gg
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission geneticsgg gg gg gg gg
ANSWER: e gg
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
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a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles gg gg gg gg
b. mechanism of DNA replication gg gg gg
c. gene expression patternsgg gg
d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids gg gg gg gg
ANSWER: a gg
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
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a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.
www.PlusBay.Plus
, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER: d gg
6. Identify a TRUE statement from the following descriptions concerning genetics.
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a. The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.
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b. Bacteria and viruses are not useful in studying genes and inheritance because they are
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structurally and metabolically different from eukaryotic cells.
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c. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the Origin
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of Species.
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d. Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a single gene.
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e. Evolution can occur without genetic changes in the population.
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ANSWER: d gg
7. Identify a FALSE statement from the following descriptions of genetics.
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a. Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between
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approximately 10,000 and 12,000 years ago.
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b. Some viruses use RNA to carry their genetic information.
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c. Albinism results from a mutation in the genes that control the synthesis and storage of melanin.
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d. All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by a single gene.
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e. The process by which genetic information is copied and decoded is similar for all forms of life.
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ANSWER: d gg
8. Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism?
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a. the plant Linaria vulgaris
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b. the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
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c. the worm Caenorhabditis elegans
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d. the frog Hyla chrysoscelis
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e. the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes
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ANSWER: c
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9. Which of the following would serve the LEAST well as a model for understanding basic mechanisms
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of inheritance?
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a. fruit flies gg
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER: b gg
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
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a. Each subdiscipline of genetics is very specific as to what is explored and does not overlap with the
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www.PlusBay.Plus
Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
Benjamin A. Pierce
gg gg
www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLE OF CONTENTgg gg
Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics ...................................................................................................................... 3
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Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction ......................................................................................... 15
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Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity .............................................................................................................. 32
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Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ............................................................................ 59
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Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping ................................................................ 98
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Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation .................................................................................................................... 115
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Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems ............................................................................................... 139
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Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ......................................................................................... 152
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Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination ............................................................................................. 181
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Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing.......................................................... 198
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Chapter 11: From DNA to Proteins: Translation ................................................................................................ 224
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Chapter 12: Control of Gene Expression ............................................................................................................ 244
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Chapter 13: Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair .......................................................... 278
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Chapter 14: Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology ............................................................................. 298
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Chapter 15: Genomics and Proteomics ............................................................................................................... 314
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Chapter 16: Cancer Genetics ............................................................................................................................... 332
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Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics ....................................................................................................................... 346
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Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics ............................................................................................ 366
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www.PlusBay.Plus
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
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1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
Explain in terms of natural selection why albinism is so rare in most human populations.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don’t produce
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
melanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects of sunlight. Also,
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
the lack of melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Finally, in most cultures
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
albinos are seen as abnormal, and they are not normally sought out for marriage and mating.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
Therefore, in most populations the alleles that cause albinism are selected against, and they
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
decrease in frequency or are kept at a low level, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
Explain in terms of natural selection why the trait is so much more common among the Hopis of Black
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
Mesa.
gg
ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture, albinos
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
are viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy positions of
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
leadership. Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi blood in the
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
community. gg
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their sensitivity to gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
sunlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during the daytime. This
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
allows them extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the village. Therefore, the
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
alleles that cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least not selected against as
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
strongly as in other cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher frequency.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the phenomenon
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
is INCORRECT?
gg gg
a. evolution—population genetics gg
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
gg gg
c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
gg gg gg
d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics gg gg gg gg gg
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission geneticsgg gg gg gg gg
ANSWER: e gg
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles gg gg gg gg
b. mechanism of DNA replication gg gg gg
c. gene expression patternsgg gg
d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids gg gg gg gg
ANSWER: a gg
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.
www.PlusBay.Plus
, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER: d gg
6. Identify a TRUE statement from the following descriptions concerning genetics.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Bacteria and viruses are not useful in studying genes and inheritance because they are
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
structurally and metabolically different from eukaryotic cells.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the Origin
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
of Species.
gg gg
d. Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a single gene.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. Evolution can occur without genetic changes in the population.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ANSWER: d gg
7. Identify a FALSE statement from the following descriptions of genetics.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
approximately 10,000 and 12,000 years ago.
gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Some viruses use RNA to carry their genetic information.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. Albinism results from a mutation in the genes that control the synthesis and storage of melanin.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by a single gene.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. The process by which genetic information is copied and decoded is similar for all forms of life.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ANSWER: d gg
8. Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. the plant Linaria vulgaris
gg gg gg
b. the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
gg gg gg gg
c. the worm Caenorhabditis elegans
gg gg gg
d. the frog Hyla chrysoscelis
gg gg gg
e. the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes
gg gg gg
ANSWER: c
gg gg
9. Which of the following would serve the LEAST well as a model for understanding basic mechanisms
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
of inheritance?
gg gg
a. fruit flies gg
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER: b gg
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Each subdiscipline of genetics is very specific as to what is explored and does not overlap with the
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
www.PlusBay.Plus
