Nervous System Exam / Nervous System Final Exam: (NEW
2025/ 2026 UPDATE) Neuroanatomy & Physiology,
Neurological Disorders, Diagnostics & Treatments |
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | GRADE A | 100% CORRECT
(VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) – Comprehensive Study Guide
Central Nervous System - (CNS) brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous system - Body Nerves that connect to the central nervous system
(brain and spinal cord). Connects the central nervous system to the body's organs and limbs.
Autonomic Nervous System - Controls involuntary bodily functions (not consciously
controlled), such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes
Somatic Nervous System - Controls voluntary bodily functions (consciously controlled),
such as controlling skeletal muscles
2 Major Functions of Nervous System - 1. Sensory Reception-end of peripheral neurons
monitor conditions( light,sound,temperature)
2. Integrative Functions- Sensory messages that get sent repeatedly get remembered "motor
functions" (subconscious actions)
Order of Stimulus (from sensory to effector) - 1. Stimuli: physical or chemical signal (ex.
hot room)
2. Nerve impulse (ex. sends signal to brain)
3. Effectors: muscle & glands react (ex. sweat glands start sweating)
Stimulus - Things that initiate nerve impulses (ex. hot room)
Effector - Response (ex. Sweating)
Motor Functions - Complex muscle-and-nerve acts that produce movement (walking,
writing, typing running etc.)
"Electrochemical" - A nerve impulse is partially electric (change in polarity/charge) and
partially chemical (neurotransmitters)
Synapse - Where the nerve impulse is sent (connection of 2 neurons) .
, Action Potential changes the charge of the synapse (causes electricity) and Neurotransmitters are
sent.
Myelin Sheath - Covering of Schwann Cells, Speeds up nerve impulses.
Axon - The long threadlike part of a nerve cell that carry the nerve impulse
Dendrites - Branch like extensions on a neuron that GET signals and connect to the
synapse
Neurotransmitters - Chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to
another 'target' neuron
Multipolar Neuron - Most of the brain/spinal cord & is mylinated
Bipolar Neuron - Found in eyes, nose, and ears
Classified as an "Interneuron": connects PNS to CNS
Unipolar Neuron - Accepts Sensory messages (feelings & senses)
Found outside of the brain and spinal cord
Sensory Neuron - Nerve cells that transmit sensory information (sight, smell, sound etc.)
Unipolar shaped Neurons
Interneuron - Nerve cells that serve as that connection between Peripheral Nerves to
Central Nervous System.
Bipolar shaped Neurons
Motor Neuron - Nerve cells responsible for making an action or movement happen.
Multipolar Shaped Neurons
2025/ 2026 UPDATE) Neuroanatomy & Physiology,
Neurological Disorders, Diagnostics & Treatments |
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | GRADE A | 100% CORRECT
(VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) – Comprehensive Study Guide
Central Nervous System - (CNS) brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous system - Body Nerves that connect to the central nervous system
(brain and spinal cord). Connects the central nervous system to the body's organs and limbs.
Autonomic Nervous System - Controls involuntary bodily functions (not consciously
controlled), such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes
Somatic Nervous System - Controls voluntary bodily functions (consciously controlled),
such as controlling skeletal muscles
2 Major Functions of Nervous System - 1. Sensory Reception-end of peripheral neurons
monitor conditions( light,sound,temperature)
2. Integrative Functions- Sensory messages that get sent repeatedly get remembered "motor
functions" (subconscious actions)
Order of Stimulus (from sensory to effector) - 1. Stimuli: physical or chemical signal (ex.
hot room)
2. Nerve impulse (ex. sends signal to brain)
3. Effectors: muscle & glands react (ex. sweat glands start sweating)
Stimulus - Things that initiate nerve impulses (ex. hot room)
Effector - Response (ex. Sweating)
Motor Functions - Complex muscle-and-nerve acts that produce movement (walking,
writing, typing running etc.)
"Electrochemical" - A nerve impulse is partially electric (change in polarity/charge) and
partially chemical (neurotransmitters)
Synapse - Where the nerve impulse is sent (connection of 2 neurons) .
, Action Potential changes the charge of the synapse (causes electricity) and Neurotransmitters are
sent.
Myelin Sheath - Covering of Schwann Cells, Speeds up nerve impulses.
Axon - The long threadlike part of a nerve cell that carry the nerve impulse
Dendrites - Branch like extensions on a neuron that GET signals and connect to the
synapse
Neurotransmitters - Chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to
another 'target' neuron
Multipolar Neuron - Most of the brain/spinal cord & is mylinated
Bipolar Neuron - Found in eyes, nose, and ears
Classified as an "Interneuron": connects PNS to CNS
Unipolar Neuron - Accepts Sensory messages (feelings & senses)
Found outside of the brain and spinal cord
Sensory Neuron - Nerve cells that transmit sensory information (sight, smell, sound etc.)
Unipolar shaped Neurons
Interneuron - Nerve cells that serve as that connection between Peripheral Nerves to
Central Nervous System.
Bipolar shaped Neurons
Motor Neuron - Nerve cells responsible for making an action or movement happen.
Multipolar Shaped Neurons
