Nu 308- Fluid and Electrolytes ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What are some reasons that children are vulnerable to fluid & electrolyte alterations? -
CORRECT ANSWER - - Increased BSA (increased skin and GI losses)
- Increased metabolic rate
- Immature kidneys
- Increased fluid in extracellular compartments than adults
- Increased wastes
What are some reasons that children would have *increased* fluid requirements? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - Fever, tachypnea
- Vomiting, diarrhea
- Diabetes insipidus - polyuria
- Burns
- Shock
- Phototherapy
What are reasons children might have *decreased* fluid requirements? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - Heart Failure (HF)
- SIADH (oposite of diabetes insipidus)
- Post-op: after surgery body produces a lot of ADH
- Renal Failure
- Increased ICP
What are some ways you can *intake* fluids? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Fluids
- Food (watermelon)
- Metabolism: oxidation of nutrients
,What are some foods that are considered liquids because they change to liquid at room temp? -
CORRECT ANSWER - - Gelatin
- Popsicles
- Ice cream
What are some ways you can *output* fluids? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Urine
- Feces
- Exhalation
- Sweat
What are some means of *abnormal* loss of fluid? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Emesis
- Wound drainage
- Diarrhea/ileostomy drainage
- NG tube drainage
If I&O do not balance, this indicates.... - CORRECT ANSWER - - Dehydration
- Fluid overload with edema
What are some substances lost with NG drainage? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Sodium
- Potassium .... muscle px's
- Acids (H+) ......metabolic alkalosis
Severe NG drainage can cause hyponatremia, which can lead to ____________, and then result
in ________ _________. - CORRECT ANSWER - Hypotonicity; fluid shifts
What should the NG drainage/loss of fluids be replaced with? What in particular replaces lost
sodium? - CORRECT ANSWER - Replace amount with IVF (over 12 hrs/over next shift)
- o.9% NS replaces lost Na+
, When putting a pt on replacement fluids, this is done at the same time as..... - CORRECT
ANSWER - Their maintenance fluids
- on separate pump, but runs at same time
To treat fluid and electrolyte imbalances, we typically give some form of a __________ IV
solution - CORRECT ANSWER - Crystalloid
- can be isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic
Isotonic fluids can be pro-______________ bc some fluid may get pushed out - CORRECT
ANSWER - Inflammatory
Isotonic fluid ____________ Intravascular volume - CORRECT ANSWER - Expands
What do you give isotonic fluids for? - CORRECT ANSWER - Hemorrhage or
hypovolemia
Isotonic fluids should be given cautiously with what individuals? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Heart file are or renal failure
Isotonic fluids add some ______. Also they are the most common type given in _________. -
CORRECT ANSWER - Na+; hospitals
What are some examples of isotonic fluids? - CORRECT ANSWER - - NS
- LR (LR used more in PACU and burns, for electrolyte replacement)
What fluids are close to isotonic in the bag but then hypotonic in body over time - CORRECT
ANSWER - - D5 0.22% (¼)
- D5 0.3% (⅓)
- D5 0.45a5 (½)
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What are some reasons that children are vulnerable to fluid & electrolyte alterations? -
CORRECT ANSWER - - Increased BSA (increased skin and GI losses)
- Increased metabolic rate
- Immature kidneys
- Increased fluid in extracellular compartments than adults
- Increased wastes
What are some reasons that children would have *increased* fluid requirements? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - Fever, tachypnea
- Vomiting, diarrhea
- Diabetes insipidus - polyuria
- Burns
- Shock
- Phototherapy
What are reasons children might have *decreased* fluid requirements? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - Heart Failure (HF)
- SIADH (oposite of diabetes insipidus)
- Post-op: after surgery body produces a lot of ADH
- Renal Failure
- Increased ICP
What are some ways you can *intake* fluids? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Fluids
- Food (watermelon)
- Metabolism: oxidation of nutrients
,What are some foods that are considered liquids because they change to liquid at room temp? -
CORRECT ANSWER - - Gelatin
- Popsicles
- Ice cream
What are some ways you can *output* fluids? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Urine
- Feces
- Exhalation
- Sweat
What are some means of *abnormal* loss of fluid? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Emesis
- Wound drainage
- Diarrhea/ileostomy drainage
- NG tube drainage
If I&O do not balance, this indicates.... - CORRECT ANSWER - - Dehydration
- Fluid overload with edema
What are some substances lost with NG drainage? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Sodium
- Potassium .... muscle px's
- Acids (H+) ......metabolic alkalosis
Severe NG drainage can cause hyponatremia, which can lead to ____________, and then result
in ________ _________. - CORRECT ANSWER - Hypotonicity; fluid shifts
What should the NG drainage/loss of fluids be replaced with? What in particular replaces lost
sodium? - CORRECT ANSWER - Replace amount with IVF (over 12 hrs/over next shift)
- o.9% NS replaces lost Na+
, When putting a pt on replacement fluids, this is done at the same time as..... - CORRECT
ANSWER - Their maintenance fluids
- on separate pump, but runs at same time
To treat fluid and electrolyte imbalances, we typically give some form of a __________ IV
solution - CORRECT ANSWER - Crystalloid
- can be isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic
Isotonic fluids can be pro-______________ bc some fluid may get pushed out - CORRECT
ANSWER - Inflammatory
Isotonic fluid ____________ Intravascular volume - CORRECT ANSWER - Expands
What do you give isotonic fluids for? - CORRECT ANSWER - Hemorrhage or
hypovolemia
Isotonic fluids should be given cautiously with what individuals? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Heart file are or renal failure
Isotonic fluids add some ______. Also they are the most common type given in _________. -
CORRECT ANSWER - Na+; hospitals
What are some examples of isotonic fluids? - CORRECT ANSWER - - NS
- LR (LR used more in PACU and burns, for electrolyte replacement)
What fluids are close to isotonic in the bag but then hypotonic in body over time - CORRECT
ANSWER - - D5 0.22% (¼)
- D5 0.3% (⅓)
- D5 0.45a5 (½)
